GENETIC VARIABILITY OF BIOMARKERS OF INNATE IMMUNITY AS A FACTOR DETERMINING THE CLINICAL DIVERSITY OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Abstract

Goal. Generalization of modern data on the role of genetic variability of innate immunity in the formation of clinical heterogeneity of infectious diseases using the example of respiratory syncytial infection, with an analysis of key molecular mechanisms and prospects for their clinical application.

Materials and methods. The analysis of publications published in the databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar and eLibrary was carried out using the keywords: innate immunity, genetic polymorphism, PRR, cytokines, interferons, respiratory syncytial infection, clinical heterogeneity. The review mainly includes works from the last 5 years devoted to the molecular genetic aspects of the immune response and their clinical associations; studies with limited methodological significance are excluded.

Results and discussion. It has been shown that differences in the clinical course of infectious diseases, including RSV infection, are largely due to polymorphisms in the genes of innate immunity receptors, cytokines, and interferon signaling pathways. Genetic variants of TLR, RIG-I-like receptors, components of inflammasomes, and cytokine genes affect the strength and timeliness of the antiviral response, the severity of inflammation, and the risk of complications. It has been demonstrated that these same genetic factors can determine the variability of response to anti-infective therapy and the likelihood of adverse drug reactions. Special attention is paid to the clinical and epidemiological aspects of genetic heterogeneity identified during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Conclusion. The genetic variability of innate immunity is an important determinant of the clinical heterogeneity of infectious diseases. Taking into account genetic factors allows for a deeper understanding of the causes of differences in the course of infection and creates the prerequisites for the introduction of personalized approaches to prognosis, prevention and therapy in infectious diseases.