Genomic Surveillance in Infectious Disease Control: Opportunities and Challenges

Abstract

This article promotes the implementation of pathogen genomic surveillance to address and alleviate health risks associated with infectious illnesses and Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR), drawing on the successes of extensive genome-wide analyses of corona variants in informing COVID-19 tracking and public health strategies while endorsing the concept of One Health (OH). The efficacy of laboratory-based monitoring and epidemic warning systems must be improved by promoting (1) universal availability of real-time Whole Genome Sequence (WGS) information on pathogens to guide clinical prevention of infections, health policy, and the study and creation of vaccines and AMR agents. Unification of diagnostic microbiology information, testing data from asymptomatic persons, pathogen sequencing data, medical information, and epidemiological information into monitoring systems. Enhanced intersectoral partnerships across medical care, public safety, the health of animals, and environmental monitoring and research utilizing OH methodologies to comprehend the natural world and transmission routes of diseases and AMR across habitats. International cooperation and connectivity of monitoring networks, harmonizing laboratory methodologies, and regulation of surveillance techniques for worldwide reporting, incorporating pathogen genetic variation or strain naming. Appropriate information sharing among surveillance systems, records, and platforms by principles of Findability, Availability, Interconnection, and Reuse (FAIR). and (vi) investigation into applying genomic monitoring techniques and their cost-effectiveness for various diseases and AMR risks in diverse contexts. Regional and global OH regulations and oversight activities must promote the coordinated advancement and practical application of pathogen genome monitoring to safeguard the health of individuals, creatures, and the environment.