DETECTION OF MULTIPLE RESPIRATORY VIRUSES USING MULTIPLEX PCR PANELS

Abstract

Background: Respiratory viral infections are a major cause of morbidity and hospital visits worldwide. Early and accurate identification of respiratory pathogens is essential for appropriate patient management, infection control, and reduction of unnecessary antimicrobial therapy. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays have emerged as rapid and sensitive diagnostic tools capable of simultaneously detecting multiple respiratory viruses.

Aim: To detect respiratory viral pathogens using multiplex PCR panels among patients presenting with respiratory tract infections.

Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology at Leonard Hospital from October 2025 to December 2025. A total of 61 respiratory samples collected from patients with symptoms suggestive of respiratory viral infection were analyzed using the QIAstat-Dx SARS-CoV-2/Flu A/B/RSV multiplex PCR panel. The assay simultaneously detected SARS-CoV-2, Influenza A, Influenza B, and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) A+B. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods.

Results: Out of 61 respiratory samples analyzed, viral pathogens were detected in 15 (24.6%) cases. Influenza A virus H3N2 was the predominant pathogen and was identified in 13 (21.3%) patients, while RSV A type was detected in 2 (3.3%) cases. No cases of Influenza B virus or SARS-CoV-2 infection were identified during the study period. Coinfections were not observed. The majority of samples, 46 (75.4%), were negative for all tested respiratory viruses.

Conclusion: Multiplex PCR using the QIAstat-Dx SARS-CoV-2/Flu A/B/RSV Panel is a rapid, reliable, and sensitive method for detection of respiratory viral pathogens. The study demonstrated predominance of Influenza A virus H3N2 among respiratory infections during the study period. Multiplex molecular diagnostics can improve early diagnosis, optimize patient management, and strengthen infection control practices.