Noncoding RNA Biomarkers Enabling Real-Time Molecular Surveillance of Chronic Disease Progression

Abstract

Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have become key biomarkers in the study of molecular processes underlying chronic disease development. NcRNAs do not encode proteins, and thus, unlike coding RNAs, they control the expression of genes and can affect cellular functions, including proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammation. This work examines the prospects of ncRNA biomarkers for real-time molecular monitoring of chronic conditions, with reference to early diagnosis, disease progression, and therapeutic response. To understand the expression of ncRNAs in patients with cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disease, the study used a combination of high-throughput sequencing, bioinformatics tools, and real-time PCR. It find a clear ncRNA signature in each disease, which provides a good diagnostic method that can be incorporated into clinical practice to provide continuous monitoring. In addition, the study comment on the issues of the clinical translation of the ncRNA-based biomarkers, such as the problem of standardization, validation, and regulatory approval. It is mentioned in this study that ncRNA biomarkers can be used in personalized medicine not only as diagnostic tools but also as active agents that provide real-time disease status and direct therapeutic decision-making. The application of ncRNAs would change the method of treating chronic diseases and make it more dynamic and accurate