METABOLIC SYNDROME AS A RISK FACTOR FOR CARDIOVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS: A COMPREHENSIVE THERAPY STRATEGY

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome is considered a key factor in increasing cardiovascular risk due to the combination of abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and atherogenic dyslipidemia.

The aim of this simulated-response study was to evaluate the impact of comprehensive treatment for metabolic syndrome on the level of traditional risk factors and the cumulative 10-year risk of cardiovascular complications in working-age and elderly patients.

The study was conducted in the cardiology department of City Clinical Hospital No. 1, a budgetary healthcare institution in the Omsk Region. It included 150 patients diagnosed with metabolic syndrome. Patients were divided into a standard therapy group, which received a standard medication regimen, and a combination therapy group, which combined medication with a structured lifestyle modification program and coordinated multidisciplinary care.

Over a 12-month period, changes in body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting glucose, lipid profile, and 10-year cardiovascular risk using the SCORE2 scale were assessed. The combination therapy group demonstrated a more pronounced reduction in body weight, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, and fasting glucose, as well as a significant reduction in the estimated 10-year risk of cardiovascular events from 18.7% to 12.3%. In the standard treatment group, the reduction in total risk was less pronounced, limited to a change from 18.5% to 16.9%. The data obtained confirm that a comprehensive approach to treating metabolic syndrome, including a structured lifestyle modification program and optimized medication therapy, can significantly modify overall cardiovascular risk and should be considered a priority for complication prevention in this patient population.