Circulating Noncoding RNAS As Minimally Invasive Monitors of Treatment Response and Disease Relapse

Abstract

The noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), have become important biomarkers in disease monitoring and prediction of response to treatment. Considering the advantages over conventional invasive techniques, circulating ncRNAs can be identified in body fluids (including blood) as a non-invasive, real-time method of monitoring disease progression and treatment effectiveness. This article discusses the possibility of using circulating ncRNAs as a minimally invasive biomarker to measure treatment response as well as disease relapse. The methodology involves the identification and quantification of ncRNAs based on the high-throughput technologies, including quantitative PCR (qPCR) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). The samples of patients were taken with different types of cancer and cardiovascular diseases to evaluate the level of ncRNA expression concerning the response rate to the treatment and recurrence of the disease. This paper found that individual miRNAs, including miR-21 and miR-155, were increased in patients who had treatment resistance and relapse, and MALAT1, a lncRNA, was linked to unfavourable treatment results. As well, circRNAs, including circHIPK3, were promising in terms of forecasting relapse among cancer patients. Statistical findings (ANOVA, Pearson correlation) verified the fact that the high concentration of circulating ncRNAs was greatly linked to disease progression and relapse. The findings indicate that the circulating ncRNAs are a good biomarker that can transform the way diseases are monitored with less invasive, cost-effective, and efficient ways of following treatment responses. Nonetheless, issues including standardization of detection procedures and multi-center validation should be resolved in order to advance the application of ncRNA-based diagnostics into clinical practice even further