MOLECULAR AND CLINICAL APPROACHES TO DIGESTIVE SYSTEM DISEASES IN ADOLESCENTS: THE ROLE OF ENDOSCOPY, IMPEDANCE-PH MONITORING, AND NUTRITIONAL CORRECTION

Abstract

Digestive system diseases in adolescents represent a complex interdisciplinary area of clinical practice, determined by a combination of hormonal, physiological, and behavioral factors that make the course of gastroenterological disorders more variable. In recent years, there has been a growing need for highly informative diagnostic methods capable of accurately reflecting the functional state of the gastrointestinal tract. Key methods include endoscopy and multichannel impedance-pH monitoring, which make it possible to comprehensively assess both morphological changes and the features of reflux activity. Nutritional correction also plays a significant role, since adolescents’ eating habits directly affect motility, inflammatory processes, and the severity of clinical symptoms. The review examines the current possibilities of visual, functional, and dietary approaches, their contribution to the individualization of therapy, and their role in prognosis formation. Particular attention is paid to the growing role of personalized medicine and multidisciplinary cooperation among specialists, which helps optimize the diagnosis and treatment of complex gastroenterological conditions. The synthesis of current data emphasizes the need for an integrated approach that improves the effectiveness of clinical management and long-term outcomes in adolescents with digestive system diseases.