MODERN DIAGNOSIS OF MELANOCYTIC TUMORS: DERMATOSCOPIC AND HISTOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT

Abstract

The article is devoted to the comprehensive assessment of melanocytic skin tumors using dermatoscopic and histological verification as a modern diagnostic tool for the early detection of melanoma. The relevance of the study is determined by the high mortality rate from melanoma due to late diagnosis and the difficulties in differentiating benign and malignant melanocytic neoplasms. The study examines the clinical, dermatoscopic, and morphological features of tumors identified in 35 patients who underwent examination at the Nizhny Novgorod Regional Oncological Dispensary in 2019–2024. Particular attention is paid to the diagnostic significance of shiny white structures (SWS), which correlate with signs of dermal fibrosis and invasive growth. A comparative analysis of the authors’ own data with the results of Russian and international studies was carried out, revealing common patterns and regional features. Based on the obtained results, an algorithm for comprehensive dermatoscopic and histological assessment is proposed, which increases the accuracy of early melanoma diagnosis and makes it possible to reduce the proportion of cases detected at advanced stages. The practical value of the study lies in improving the clinical interpretation of dermatoscopic signs and optimizing diagnostic decision-making in dermato-oncology.