MITOTIC CHROMOSOME DYNAMICS AND THEIR ROLE IN MAINTAINING GENOMIC STABILITY DURING CELL DIVISION

Abstract

Background: Chromosome dynamics during mitosis play a monumental role in the proper division of cells, as well as maintaining genetic stability. The abnormalities in these processes add to chromosomal instability (CIN) which is a characteristic of most cancers.

Objective: This paper will focus on examining the molecular processes that govern mitotic condensation, alignment, segregation and cytokinesis of chromosomes and important regulatory factors including the cohesins, condensins, and components of the spindle assembly checkpoint.

Methodology: The approach was a combination of an experimental and an analytical one where a comparative analysis between a normal and cancer cell line was carried out. Mitotic progression was evaluated using techniques like fluorescence microscopy, expression of proteins and cell viability tests. Analysis of the results was done statistically through ANOVA where a significance level that was considered was p < 0.05.

Findings: It was found that the accuracy of chromosome segregation in normal cells was near to 95% and that of cancer cells was near to 70% revealing a higher level of chromosomal instability. Changes in the expression of mitotic proteins, such as decreased cohesin concentrations and higher checkpoint proteins were found. The segments were improved to about 85% with the interventions that were carried out in treatment.

Conclusion: Mitochond chromosome dynamics regulation has to be correctly controlled to ensure genomic stability. These results indicate possible therapeutic focus points towards the prevention of chromosomal instability and enhance the outcome of the treatment in cancer management.