COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MEIOTIC AND MITOTIC CHROMOSOME BEHAVIOR ACROSS DIVERSE MODEL ORGANISMS

Abstract

Background: The genetic stability and production of diversity depends on chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis. These are highly varied in their ways of chromosome pairing, segregation and recombination processes in different organisms.

Objective: This research will focus on making a comparative study of chromosomal dynamics between mitotic and meiotic divisions in a variety of different model organisms, including yeast, plants and mammals.

Methodology: Florescence microscopy and FISH studies together with sequencing studies were used to study the behavior of chromosomes. The accuracy of segregation and recombination frequency were measured and evaluated in organisms and division types.

Findings: Mitosis had an accurate segregation rate with a 97-99 percent range of organisms and this guaranteed the stability of genome. On the other hand, slightly lower accuracy during meiosis (88% -92) was observed but higher recombination rates were observed with yeast the highest (65%), plants (55%), and mammals (45%). These variations show the functional roles of each process-stability in mitosis and diversity in meiosis.

Conclusion: The comparative study points out common and different qualities of chromosome behavior in species. Whereas, with mitosis, genetic diversity is less favored due to the importance of chromosome segregation, genetic diversity in meiosis is facilitated by recombination and homologous segregation, aiding in evolutionary plasticity.