AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING YIELD AND PEST RESISTANCE USING GENOME EDITING TOOLS

Abstract

Background: Environmental stressors, pest infestation and demands of sustainable food production systems are rapidly becoming a challenge to agricultural productivity.

Objective: The paper intends to consider the success rates of genome editing technologies, specifically the CRISPR-Cas systems in crop yielding enhancement and the resistance to pests.

Methodology: Databases like PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were used to conduct a systematic review of published studies during 2018-2025. According to selection criteria, research articles that were identified were experimental research and field trials evaluating genome-edited crops.

Findings: Findings suggest that genome-edited crops would have an estimated 30-60 percent yield advantage and 40-80 percent less pest damage. CRISPR-based methods exhibited the highest level of efficiency owing to its accuracy in targeting genes and RNA interference proved to be very efficient in pest control. These technologies play a role in enhancing crop performance and decreasing the use of chemical pesticides.

Conclusion: Genome editing technologies are promising ways of improving the productivity and sustainability of agriculture. Further progress and sustainable application is imperative in solving the challenges which face food security across the world.