ROLE OF DNA DAMAGE RESPONSE NETWORKS IN PRESERVING GENOMIC INTEGRITY UNDER CELLULAR STRESS CONDITIONS

Abstract

Background: DNA damage response (DDR) networks play a key role in preserving the integrity of the genome under cellular conditions of stress, which include oxidative stress, radiation, and replication stress. These networks organize damage identification, signalling and repair to avert genomic instability.

Objective: This research paper is meant to examine the mode of action of coordinated DDR pathways in maintaining genome integrity and promoting cell survival during stressful situations.

Methodology: Models of human cells were exposed to oxidative, UV, and replication stress. Molecular tests, protein expression, and sequencing-based methods were used to determine the efficiency of DDR activation and repair.

Findings: The maximum DDR activation (88%), and repair efficiency (83) was observed during replication stress, then clean damage (85% activation, 81% repair), and lastly UV-damage (85% activation, 80% repair). Activation (80%) and repair efficiency (76%) was slightly lower in oxidative stress. The coordinated DDR signaling enhanced the repair efficiency by an average of 15 percent and mutation rates were also greatly reduced.

Conclusion: The DDR networks are very important in ensuring the stability of genomes in stress conditions. Combining sensing, signaling and repair responses increases the efficiency and accuracy of DNA repair and provides useful insights to therapeutic targeting and precision medicine.