COMPARATIVE BIOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF ARTHROPLASTY AND HEMIARTHROPLASTY HIP IMPLANTS USING ADVANCED COMPOSITE BIOMATERIALS

Abstract

Hip implant failure due to stress shielding, excessive contact pressure, and poor load transfer remains a critical clinical challenge in orthopaedic biomechanics, often leading to implant loosening and revision surgeries. This study aims to systematically evaluate the biomechanical performance of hip implant systems by conducting a comparative finite element analysis of arthroplasty and hemiarthroplasty configurations, with particular emphasis on the combined effects of stem taper geometry and advanced biomaterials. A three-dimensional femoral model derived from computed tomography data was analyzed under physiological loading conditions ranging from 2200 N to 2800 N. Three implant materials—NbTiZrMo alloy, PEEK, and CFR-PEEK—were assessed in terms of equivalent elastic strain, Von Mises stress, and contact pressure. The results demonstrate that CFR-PEEK achieves a significant reduction in implant stress (approximately 18–25%) compared to NbTiZrMo alloy, while maintaining substantially lower deformation than PEEK. Furthermore, hemiarthroplasty configurations exhibit 8–12% lower stress levels and reduced contact pressures relative to arthroplasty under identical loading conditions, indicating improved load-sharing capability due to the natural acetabular interface. Unlike prior studies that primarily focused on isolated parameters, the present work introduces an integrated evaluation framework combining implant configuration, taper geometry, and material selection. The findings highlight the superior biomechanical balance of CFR-PEEK and underscore its potential to minimize stress shielding and enhance implant longevity, offering clinically relevant insights for optimizing hip replacement design and reducing long-term failure rates.