ANN-GUIDED SYNTHESIS OF BACTERIAL MEDIATED LYSINE FUNCTIONALIZED AG-ZNO NANOPARTICLES FOR DYE DEGRADATION

Abstract

Background: Synthetic dyes released from industrial activities represent major environmental pollutants due to their persistence, toxicity, and resistance to conventional treatment methods. Nanotechnology-based remediation using green synthesized nanoparticles offers an effective and sustainable alternative for wastewater treatment and biomedical applications.

Methods: In this study, Ag–Zn bimetallic nanoparticles (Ag–Zn NPs) were synthesized using bacterial metabolites through a green synthesis approach and subsequently functionalized with lysine (Lys–Ag–Zn NPs). Structural and compositional characterization was performed using SEM, FTIR, and EDX analyses. The catalytic performance of the nanoparticles was evaluated through degradation of methylene blue and methyl orange dyes. Biological activities were assessed using antioxidant (DPPH scavenging), anti-inflammatory (protein denaturation inhibition), and anti-hemolytic assays.

Results: SEM analysis revealed nanosized particles with average sizes of approximately 74 nm for Ag–Zn NPs and 82 nm for Lys–Ag–Zn NPs. FTIR and EDX analyses confirmed successful lysine functionalization and the presence of Ag and Zn within the bimetallic structure. Dye degradation studies demonstrated concentration-dependent catalytic activity, with Lys–Ag–Zn NPs achieving up to 95% degradation compared with 92% for non-functionalized nanoparticles at 50 μg/mL. In biological assays, lysine-functionalized nanoparticles exhibited superior performance, showing 82.3% anti-inflammatory activity, 88.2% antioxidant activity, and 93.4% anti-hemolytic activity at the highest tested concentrations. These values were consistently higher than those obtained for non-functionalized nanoparticles.

Conclusion: The findings demonstrate that lysine functionalization significantly enhances the catalytic and biological performance of bacterially synthesized Ag–Zn bimetallic nanoparticles. The developed nanomaterials exhibit considerable potential for environmental remediation and biomedical applications.