MOLECULAR AND FUNCTIONAL FOUNDATIONS OF INTRAOPERATIVE ULTRASOUND IMAGING IN NEUROSURGERY

Abstract

Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MP-MRI) is one of the most informative and non-invasive methods for diagnosing adrenal tumors, providing a comprehensive assessment of the morphological and functional characteristics of tissues. Combining sequences such as chemical shift, DWI, ADC mapping, and dynamic contrast enhancement (DCE) makes it possible to quantify lipid saturation, perfusion, and diffusion, which significantly improves the accuracy of differential diagnosis of benign and malignant tumors. The review analyzes current research on the possibilities of MP-MRI in distinguishing between adenomas, adrenocortical carcinomas and metastatic lesions, and also examines the advantages of integrating the method with artificial intelligence and radiomics technologies. It is shown that the use of quantitative biomarkers and radiomic features contributes to the objectification of image interpretation and the creation of reproducible diagnostic algorithms. Special attention is paid to the clinical use of MP-MRI in preoperative planning, monitoring the effectiveness of therapy and dynamic patient monitoring. The key directions of further development of the method have been identified, including standardization of protocols, formation of international classifications of images and introduction into routine clinical practice. The conclusion is made about the high clinical and practical significance of multiparametric MRI as a tool for personalized diagnosis and prognostic modeling in oncoendocrinology.