Development And Characterization Of Acellular Extracellular Matrix Scaffolds From Caprine Omasum Using SDS And Triton X-100 Decellularization Protocol

Abstract

In the present study, a decellularization protocol for caprine omasum was successfully standardized using a combination of ionic and non-ionic detergents. The tissue was treated with 1% sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) under continuous agitation for up to 120 hours, followed by 1% Triton X-100 treatment for 24 hours. Samples were collected at predetermined intervals for gross evaluation, histological examination, DNA quantification, scanning electron microscopy, and hemocompatibility assessment. Progressive removal of cellular components was observed during the treatment process, and complete acellularity was achieved at 120 hours. Histological evaluation using H&E and DAPI staining confirmed effective elimination of nuclear material while maintaining the native collagen framework of the extracellular matrix. DNA quantification further demonstrated a substantial reduction in nucleic acid content, supporting successful decellularization. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) examination revealed increased scaffold porosity and separation of collagen fibres, features that may facilitate cell attachment and infiltration. Additionally, both in vitro and in vivo evaluations indicated that the prepared scaffold possessed good hemocompatibility and biocompatibility, suggesting its potential applicability as a biological scaffold for tissue engineering and regenerative studies.