Exploring the Antidiabetic, Antioxidant and Antibacterial potential of Biogenic Platinum Nanoparticles

Abstract

In the present study, platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) were synthesized via a green and eco-friendly approach using an aqueous extract of Azadirachta indica leaves, providing a cost-effective and sustainable alternative to conventional chemical methods. The physicochemical properties of the synthesized nanoparticles were systematically characterized using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, UV–Visible spectroscopy, High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), Zeta potential analysis, and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The biosynthesized PtNPs exhibited a dark brown coloration and were predominantly spherical, with particle sizes ranging from 20 to 50 nm, indicating uniform morphology and enhanced stability. A characteristic absorption peak at 230 nm in the UV–Visible spectrum confirmed the successful formation of PtNPs. Biological evaluation revealed that the synthesized nanoparticles exhibited significant antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial strains, with comparatively higher efficacy against Gram-negative bacteria. In addition, the PtNPs demonstrated strong antioxidant potential, indicating their effectiveness as free radical scavengers. Furthermore, they displayed promising antidiabetic activity through concentration dependent inhibition of α-amylase enzyme, suggesting their potential to regulate postprandial glucose levels by delaying carbohydrate digestion.