Piagetian scales (PS) and Bender visual motor gestalt test (BT), as well as laterality and Ishihara tests, were applied to 28 subjects with universal 45,X Ullrich-Turner syndrome (UTS), and their respective controls, in order to investigate their cognitive performance. Dermatoglyphics were also analyzed to obtain “clues” of embryological changes that may have appeared during nervous system development and that could be associated with the cognitive performance of the UTS individuals. Statistical analysis was performed by parametric (descriptive statistics, t-test, t-test on paired data, and stepwise multiple regression analysis) and non-parametric tests (Fisher’s exact test, Spearman and Mann-Whitney). Dermatoglyphic pattern distribution was similar to that reported in previous studies of UTS individuals: ulnar loops (Lu ) in the digital patterns and finger ridge, a-b, and A’-d counts were more frequent, while arch and whorl patterns were less frequent compared to controls. Read more. . .