Proteomics

Relationship between liver and low rumen pH in goat

Z. Xie, Jiang, X., Ye, P., Zhang, Y., Ni, Y., Zhuang, S., and Shen, X., “Relationship between liver and low rumen pH in goat”, vol. 14, pp. 209-221, 2015.

The aim of this study was to analyze the response of dry goat liver to sub-acute ruminal acidosis induced by a highly concentrated diet. Non-pregnant, non-lactating female Poll-goats (N = 12) were randomly assigned to either a high-concentrate (HG) or a low-concentrate (LG) diet. Low rumen pH was successfully induced with HG (more than 3 h with rumen pH S-transferase was downregulated in the HG group, whereas aldo-keto reductase was upregulated compared in the LG group.

Proteomic analysis identifies differentially expressed proteins participating in forming Type III brush hair in Yangtze River Delta white goat

B. Yang, Cai, M. Y., Li, Y. J., Zhang, H., Cheng, G. H., Zhang, J. H., Zhang, G. J., Li, W. T., and Ji, D. J., “Proteomic analysis identifies differentially expressed proteins participating in forming Type III brush hair in Yangtze River Delta white goat”, vol. 14, pp. 323-338, 2015.

The Yangtze River Delta white goat is a goat breed that can produce high quality brush hair (Type III hair) around the world. This study aimed to compare Type III hair and non-Type III hair goat skin tissues using differentially expressed proteins based on 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis technology. The differentially expressed protein spots were analyzed using the PDquest 8.0 software. Ten protein spots were detected as positive for mass spectrometric analysis based on a threshold of 2-fold change.

Expression of genes related to tolerance to low temperature for maize seed germination

I. C. Silva-Neta, Pinho, E. V., Veiga, A. D., Pìnho, R. G., Guimarães, R. M., Caixeta, F., Santos, H. O., and Marques, T. L., “Expression of genes related to tolerance to low temperature for maize seed germination”, vol. 14, pp. 2674-2690, 2015.

The aim of this study was to characterize maize lines tolerant to cold temperatures during the germination process. Seeds from lines with different levels of tolerance to low temperatures were used; 3 lines were classified as tolerant and 3 as susceptible to low germination temperatures. A field was set up to multiply seeds from selected lines. After the seeds were harvested and classified, we conducted physiological tests and analyzed fatty acid content of palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, and eicosenoic acids.

Proteomic analysis revealed the altered kidney protein profile of a Cyld knockout mouse model

Y. Zhao, Zhang, Y., Song, H. B., Wu, F., Wang, X. L., Sun, S. - C., Cui, T. X., and Tang, D. Q., “Proteomic analysis revealed the altered kidney protein profile of a Cyld knockout mouse model”, vol. 14, pp. 5970-5978, 2015.

The aim of this study was to compare the proteomics pattern of the kidneys from Cyld knockout mice with that from normal mouse kidneys and establish a preliminary understanding of the role of Cyld in the kidney. Proteins from the kidneys of knockout Cyld mice and wild-type mice were extracted, isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) was performed, and the proteomics patterns of the two groups were compared. The genotypes of the mice were verified by polymerase chain reaction.

Application of genomics and proteomics in drug target discovery

H. M. Zhang, Nan, Z. R., Hui, G. Q., Liu, X. H., and Sun, Y., “Application of genomics and proteomics in drug target discovery”, vol. 13, pp. 198-204, 2014.

Gene medicine is making breakthroughs in health questions that have baffled humanity for centuries. To understand and utilize gene medicine, it is necessary to realize its action against targets at the molecular level. Currently, many methods can be used to discover drug targets; among these, genomic and proteomic methods are the two most important. In this study, we introduced how to discover drug targets by genomic and proteomic methods in detail. These contents are beneficial for understanding and utilizing the two methods to discover new drug targets of gene medicine.

Gender difference in protein expression of vascular wall in mice exposed to chronic intermittent hypoxia: a preliminary study

Q. Y. Li, Feng, Y., Lin, Y. N., Li, M., Guo, Q., Gu, S. Y., Liu, J. L., Zhang, R. F., and Wan, H. Y., “Gender difference in protein expression of vascular wall in mice exposed to chronic intermittent hypoxia: a preliminary study”, vol. 13, pp. 8489-8501, 2014.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases such as systemic arterial hypertension, ischemic heart disease, stroke, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and cardiac sudden death. The pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease in OSA is thought to be induced primarily by chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), a specific pattern of change in oxygenation during sleep. However, the underlying mechanisms of CIH-induced vasculature injury and gender differences are not well documented.

Proteomics comparison of the sera from multiple sclerosis patients and neuromyelitis optica patients

S. F. Jiang, Lu, Q. Y., Hu, S., Chen, Y., Liu, X. L., Yang, Y., and Ding, M. P., “Proteomics comparison of the sera from multiple sclerosis patients and neuromyelitis optica patients”, vol. 13, pp. 9292-9299, 2014.

This study aimed to identify the proteins that are differentially expressed in sera of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, neuromyelitis optica (NMO) patients, and normal controls by using a two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) assay. Serum samples were collected from the 3 groups, and total proteins were isolated and quantified by using the Bradford assay. The 2-DE and silver staining were carried out, and the Image Master 2D Platinum 5.0 software was used to analyze the images.

Separation and identification of Musa acuminate Colla (banana) leaf proteins by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry

Y. Lu, Qi, Y. X., Zhang, H., Zhang, H. Q., Pu, J. J., and Xie, Y. X., “Separation and identification of Musa acuminate Colla (banana) leaf proteins by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry”, vol. 12, pp. 6871-6881, 2013.

To establish a proteomic reference map of Musa acuminate Colla (banana) leaf, we separated and identified leaf proteins using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) and mass spectrometry (MS). Tryptic digests of 44 spots were subjected to peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) MS. Three spots that were not identified by MALDI-TOF MS analysis were identified by searching against the NCBInr, SwissProt, and expressed sequence tag (EST) databases. We identified 41 unique proteins.

Proteomic analysis of non-tumoral breast tissue

G. G. Costa, Kaviski, R., Souza, L. E. R., Urban, C. A., Lima, R. S., Cavalli, I. J., and Ribeiro, E. M. S. F., “Proteomic analysis of non-tumoral breast tissue”, vol. 10, pp. 2430-2442, 2011.

Breast cancer is a complex and heterogeneous disease. In spite of the advances made in recent decades, a better understanding of the intrinsic mechanisms of this disease is crucial. The development of new biomarkers is absolutely necessary to improve diagnosis and prognosis. Research using the proteomic approach has generated interesting results; however, the complexity of the mammary gland and of breast tumors remains a major limitation to the development of new markers. An initial step is to characterize non-tumoral human breast tissue.

Proteomics-based approach for identification and purification of human phosphate binding apolipoprotein from amniotic fluid

M. Alam, Mahajan, M., Raziuddin, M., Singh, T. P., and Yadav, S., “Proteomics-based approach for identification and purification of human phosphate binding apolipoprotein from amniotic fluid”, vol. 8, pp. 929-937, 2009.

Human amniotic fluid is of both maternal and fetal origin; it protects the fetus and provides the environment for growth and development of the fetus. We used a proteomics-based approach for targeting and purifying human phosphate binding protein, a member of the DING family of proteins from amniotic fluid, using Blue Sepharose CL-6B, DEAE-Sephacel and gel filtration chroma­tography. The protein had earlier been reported to be serendipitously purified along with PON1 (paraoxonase 1).

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