Phylogeny

Phylogeny of Marmosops and the occurrence of Marmosops pinheiroi (Pine, 1981) (Didelphimorphia, Didelphidae) in the Cerrado savanna of Maranhão, Brazil

D. C. Nascimento, Olímpio, A. P. M., Conceição, E., Campos, B. A. T. P., Fraga, E. C., and Barros, M. C., “Phylogeny of Marmosops and the occurrence of Marmosops pinheiroi (Pine, 1981) (Didelphimorphia, Didelphidae) in the Cerrado savanna of Maranhão, Brazil”, vol. 14, pp. 304-313, 2015.

The present study reviews the phylogeny of the genus Marmosops and expands the geographic range of Marmosops pinheiroi to the Brazilian State of Maranhão. Five specimens of M. pinheiroi were collected from the Inhamum Municipal Environmental Protection Area in Caxias, Maranhão. Total DNA was extracted and the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene was sequenced in an ABI PRISM 3500. Additional sequences of Marmosops were obtained from GenBank for specimens from southeastern and northeast Brazil and the northern Amazon Forest.

Molecular characterization of the endophytic fungal community associated with Eichhornia azurea (Kunth) and Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) (Pontederiaceae) native to the Upper Paraná River floodplain, Brazil

T. T. Almeida, Orlandelli, R. C., Azevedo, J. L., and Pamphile, J. A., “Molecular characterization of the endophytic fungal community associated with Eichhornia azurea (Kunth) and Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) (Pontederiaceae) native to the Upper Paraná River floodplain, Brazil”, vol. 14, pp. 4920-4931, 2015.

Endophytic fungi live in the interior of healthy plants without causing them any damage. These fungi are of biotechnological interest; they may be used in the biological control of pests and plant diseases, and in the pharmaceutical industry. The aquatic macrophytes Eichhornia azurea (Kunth) and Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) belong to the Pontederiaceae family. The first is a fixed-floating species and the second is a free-floating species that is known for its phytoremediation potential. The fungal endophytes associated with the leaves of E.

Sequence divergence of microsatellites for phylogeographic assessment of Moroccan Medicago species

N. Zitouna, Marghali, S., Gharbi, M., Haddioui, A., and Trifi-Farah, N., “Sequence divergence of microsatellites for phylogeographic assessment of Moroccan Medicago species”, vol. 13, pp. 1548-1562, 2014.

Six Medicago species were investigated to characterize and valorize plant genetic resources of pastoral interest in Morocco. Samples were obtained from the core collection of the South Australian Research and Development Institute (SARDI). The transferability of single sequence repeat markers of Medicago truncatula was successful with 97.6% efficiency across the five species.

Genetic relatedness between Ardi, Black Bedouin and Damascus goat breeds

R. M. Al-Atiyat and Aljumaah, R. S., “Genetic relatedness between Ardi, Black Bedouin and Damascus goat breeds”, vol. 13, pp. 4654-4665, 2014.

The present study aimed to analyze genetic relatedness and differentiation of common native goat populations in some countries of the Middle East. The populations were Ardi, Black Bedouin, and Damascus goats in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Jordan, and Syria, respectively. Domesticated goats of the Middle East are mostly related to common ancestors, but there is limited molecular genetic evidence. Four microsatellite DNA markers were genotyped in 89 individuals of the three populations using an automated genetic analyzer.

Genetic distances and phylogenetic trees of different Awassi sheep populations based on DNA sequencing

R. M. Al-Atiyat and Aljumaah, R. S., “Genetic distances and phylogenetic trees of different Awassi sheep populations based on DNA sequencing”, vol. 13, pp. 6557-6568, 2014.

This study aimed to estimate evolutionary distances and to reconstruct phylogeny trees between different Awassi sheep populations. Thirty-two sheep individuals from three different geographical areas of Jordan and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) were randomly sampled. DNA was extracted from the tissue samples and sequenced using the T7 promoter universal primer. Different phylogenetic trees were reconstructed from 0.64-kb DNA sequences using the MEGA software with the best general time reverse distance model. Three methods of distance estimation were then used.

DNA barcoding and evolutionary relationships of the Phasianidae family in China

Z. H. Huang and Ke, D. H., “DNA barcoding and evolutionary relationships of the Phasianidae family in China”, vol. 13, pp. 7411-7419, 2014.

A DNA barcode is a short sequence of standardized genomic region that is specific to a species. According to studies of bird species, the 694-bp sequence of the mitochondrial gene encoding cytochrome c oxidase 1 (COI) is extremely useful for species identification and phylogeny. In the present study, we analyzed the COI barcodes of 31 species from 18 genera belonging to the Phasianidae family in China. Kimura two-parameter (K2P) distances were calculated between barcodes.

Evolution of rbcL among Lathyrus and Kupicha's classification

S. Marghali, Zitouna, N., Gharbi, M., Fadhlaoui, I., and Trifi-Farah, N., “Evolution of rbcL among Lathyrus and Kupicha's classification”, vol. 13, pp. 8729-8739, 2014.

Phylogenetic relationships in the Lathyrus genus were examined using cpDNA data, particularly data attributed to the “barcode” rbcL gene to construct a possible evolutionary scenario. Plant barcoding can be used to differentiate between species within a genus and to conserve DNA within the same species. We assessed the phylogeny of 29 species of Lathyrus using maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and unweighted pair-group method and arithmetic mean. The classifications did not agree with current morphological and basic Lathyrus classification.

Identification and characterization of a novel Iraqi isolate of Fusarium pseudograminearum causing crown rot in wheat

M. A. Hameed, Rana, R. M., and Ali, Z., “Identification and characterization of a novel Iraqi isolate of Fusarium pseudograminearum causing crown rot in wheat”, vol. 11, pp. 1341-1348, 2012.

Crown rot is one of the main important fungal diseases affecting wheat in many areas of the world, including Australia, USA, and Iran. Until now, there had been no report of this pathogen in Iraq. Plants displaying crown rot symptoms were observed in Shaat Alarab (Basra, Iraq); we investigated the causal agent of the disease. Samples were surface-sterilized in bleach (1% available chlorine) and cultured on quarter-strength potato dextrose agar plates. DNA was extracted from fungal mycelia, using a modified CTAB protocol.

Diversity of endophytic fungal community associated with Piper hispidum (Piperaceae) leaves

R. C. Orlandelli, Alberto, R. N., Filho, C. J. Rubin, and Pamphile, J. A., “Diversity of endophytic fungal community associated with Piper hispidum (Piperaceae) leaves”, vol. 11, pp. 1575-1585, 2012.

Tropical and subtropical plants are rich in endophytic community diversity. Endophytes, mainly fungi and bacteria, inhabit the healthy plant tissues without causing any damage to the hosts. These fungi can be useful for biological control of pathogens and plant growth promotion. Some plants of the genus Piper are hosts of endophytic microorganisms; however, there is little information about endophytes on Piper hispidum, a medicinal shrub used as an insecticide, astringent, diuretic, stimulant, liver treatment, and for stopping hemorrhages.

Genetic diversity and phylogeny of rhizobia isolated from Caragana microphylla growing in desert soil in Ningxia, China

J. Dai, Liu, X., and Wang, Y., “Genetic diversity and phylogeny of rhizobia isolated from Caragana microphylla growing in desert soil in Ningxia, China”, vol. 11, pp. 2683-2693, 2012.

Rhizobia are soil bacteria with the capacity to induce nitrogen-fixing nodules on the roots or stems of legume plants. A total of 40 bacterial isolates from the root nodules of Caragana microphylla growing in desert soil in Ningxia, China, were analyzed for genetic diversity and phylogenetic position. These isolates were classified into 7 types of 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis.

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