Mutagenicity

6-Dimethylaminopurine and cyclohexamide are mutagenic and alter reproductive performance and intrauterine development in vivo

R. J. Oliveira, Mantovani, M. S., Pesarini, J. R., Mauro, M. O., da Silva, A. F., Souza, T. R., and Ribeiro, L. R., “6-Dimethylaminopurine and cyclohexamide are mutagenic and alter reproductive performance and intrauterine development in vivo”, vol. 14, pp. 834-849, 2015.

The compounds 6-dimethylaminopurine (6-DMAP) and cyclohexamide (CHX) are currently used to stimulate the development of embryos produced by nuclear transfer in the production of cloned mammals with a great deal success. This study investigated the effects of 6-DMAP and CHX in vivo using biological assays to evaluate reproductive performance in females, teratogenesis, and mutagenesis.

Trans-resveratrol concentrations and antimutagenic potential of juice from the grape cultivars Vênus, BRS Violeta and Isabel

N. C. V. Polonio, Rocha, C. L. M. S. C., and Clemente, E., “Trans-resveratrol concentrations and antimutagenic potential of juice from the grape cultivars Vênus, BRS Violeta and Isabel”, vol. 13, pp. 1152-1159, 2014.

Grape juice, in addition to being an energetic food, due to its high sugar content, has several compounds that can prevent or treat various types of diseases. Resveratrol is a compound present in grapes that has attracted a lot of interest; in addition to preventing cardiovascular disease linked to lipid metabolism, it has chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic activities. We evaluated the antimutagenic activity and determined the trans-resveratrol content in grape juice from the varieties Vênus, BRS Violeta and Isabel.

Antimutagenic and radioprotective activities of beta-carotene against the biological effects of iodine-131 radiopharmaceutical in Wistar rats

A. P. Berti, Düsman, E., Mariucci, R. G., Lopes, N. B., and Vicentini, V. E. P., “Antimutagenic and radioprotective activities of beta-carotene against the biological effects of iodine-131 radiopharmaceutical in Wistar rats”, vol. 13, pp. 2248-2258, 2014.

Radioactive iodine-131 (131I) is used in the treatment and diagnosis of thyroid gland injuries. However, because it emits ionizing radiation, it causes harmful effects to cells. Given that beta-carotene (BC) has antioxidant and antigenotoxic properties, this study aimed to investigate its radioprotective and antimutagenic activity in relation to 131I at the dose that is used to treat hyperthyroidism using a test system of bone marrow cells from Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus).

Comparison of the sensitivity of strains of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium in the detection of mutagenicity induced by nitroarenes

C. R. Rainho, Corrêa, S. M., Mazzei, J. L., Aiub, C. A. F., and Felzenszwalb, I., “Comparison of the sensitivity of strains of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium in the detection of mutagenicity induced by nitroarenes”, vol. 13, pp. 3667-3672, 2014.

The use of strains of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium with different metabolic capacities can indicate the class or classes of compounds present in an environmental sample and enable the diagnosis of the mutagenic activity of these pollutants adsorbed on particulate matter (PM) in the air. In the present study, the sensitivity of Salmonella strains TA98NR, TA98/1,8-DNP6, YG1021, and YG1024 to detect nitro compounds adsorbed on samples of PM 2.5 was compared from three sites in Rio de Janeiro city.

Mineral content is related to antioxidant and antimutagenic properties of grape juice

C. Dani, Oliboni, L. S., Prá, D., Bonatto, D., Santos, C. E. I., Yoneama, M. L., Dias, J. F., Salvador, M., and Henriques, J. A. P., “Mineral content is related to antioxidant and antimutagenic properties of grape juice”, vol. 11, pp. 3154-3163, 2012.

Grape juices are an important source of food antioxidants. Unfortunately, there is little data about the mineral composition and the antioxidant, mutagenic and antimutagenic activities of grape juice in eukaryote cells. We evaluated the mineral contents (Mg, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Si, S, Cl) of grape juices, the antioxidant, mutagenic and/or antimutagenic activities of the juices in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and looked for a possible association between mineral content and antioxidant, mutagenic and/or antimutagenic activities of juice samples.

Evaluation of the mutagenicity and antimutagenicity of soy phytoestrogens using micronucleus and comet assays of the peripheral blood of mice

A. M. Niwa, Oliveira, R. J., and Mantovani, M. S., “Evaluation of the mutagenicity and antimutagenicity of soy phytoestrogens using micronucleus and comet assays of the peripheral blood of mice”, vol. 12, pp. 519-527, 2013.

Studies show that soy imparts many favorable properties in the human body, including the prevention of chronic diseases such as osteoporosis, heart disease, cancer, and diabetes. Soy is rich in isoflavones, and it is a candidate for the chemoprevention of diseases owing to its low toxicity. In this study, a soy phytoestrogen (with high levels of the isoflavones genistin and daidzein) was tested in mice to investigate its mutagenicity and genotoxicity using micronucleus and comet assays of mouse peripheral blood.

Mutagenicity, genotoxicity, and scavenging activities of extracts from the soft coral Chromonephthea braziliensis: a possibility of new bioactive compounds

R. M. Carpes, Fleury, B. G., Lages, B. G., Pinto, A. C., Aiub, C. A. F., and Felzenszwalb, I., “Mutagenicity, genotoxicity, and scavenging activities of extracts from the soft coral Chromonephthea braziliensis: a possibility of new bioactive compounds”, vol. 12, pp. 3575-3587, 2013.

Coral reefs are diverse ecosystems that have a high density of biodiversity leading to intense competition among species. These species may produce unknown substances, many with pharmacological value. Chromonephthea braziliensis is an invasive soft coral from the Indo-Pacific Ocean that is possibly transported by oil platforms and whose presence can be a threat to a region’s biodiversity. This species produces secondary metabolites that are responsible for inducing damage to the local ecosystem. In the present study, extracts were prepared from dried colonies of C.

Prediction of health risk due to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons present in urban air in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

C. R. Rainho, Velho, A. M. A., Corrêa, S. M., Mazzei, J. L., Aiub, C. A. F., and Felzenszwalb, I., “Prediction of health risk due to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons present in urban air in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil”, vol. 12, pp. 3992-4002, 2013.

Risk assessment can provide a comprehensive estimate of potential effects of contaminants under specific, well-defined, and well-described circumstances, providing quantitative relationships between exposure and effects to identify and to define areas of concern. We investigated the mutagenic activity of particulate matter in air samples collected from three sites in Rio de Janeiro city. Samples were collected using a high-volume sampler at Avenida Brasil, at Campus of Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, and at Rebouças Tunnel.

Modulatory effects of Duguetia furfuracea (A. St. Hil) Benth. and Hook. f. in Drosophila melanogaster somatic and germinative cells

L. S. Coelho, Felício, L. P., Miranda, C. T., Vale, C. R., Lima, D. C. S., Duarte, S. R., Ferreira, H. D., L. Chen, C., Carvalho, S., and da Silva, E. M., “Modulatory effects of Duguetia furfuracea (A. St. Hil) Benth. and Hook. f. in Drosophila melanogaster somatic and germinative cells”, vol. 10, pp. 75-85, 2011.

Mutagenic and antimutagenic activities of the medicinal plant Duguetia furfuracea were assessed using SMART/wing and ring-X-loss tests. For the ring-X-loss test, 2- to 3-day-old Drosophila melanogaster ring-X-lineage males and virgin ywsn3 females received D. furfuracea infusion at doses of 0.085, 0.042, or 0.014 g/mL for 24 h. We found that D. furfuracea did not produce any mutagenic effects in D. melanogaster germinative cells. The somatic cells of D.

Genotoxicity evaluation in chronic renal patients undergoing hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis, using the micronucleus test

J. M. Roth, Restani, R. G., Gonçalves, T. T. S., Sphor, S. L. S., Ness, A. B., Martino-Roth, M. G., and Garcias, G. L., “Genotoxicity evaluation in chronic renal patients undergoing hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis, using the micronucleus test”, vol. 7, pp. 433-443, 2008.

Patients with chronic renal disease have an increased incidence of cancer. It is well known that long periods of hemodialysis treatment are linked to DNA damage due to oxidative stress. This genotoxic effect may cause the loss of chromosome fragments, or even entire chromosomes, which form micronuclei after cell division, and can be detected by the micronucleus test. In the present case-control study, we evaluated the genotoxic effect of hemodialysis treatment in 20 patients undergoing hemodialysis, and 20 subjected to peritoneal dialysis, matched for gender and age with 40 controls.

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