Molecular marker

Genetic variation in a wild population of the ‘sleep’ passion fruit (Passiflora setacea) based on molecular markers

C. B. M. Cerqueira-Silva, Santos, E. S. L., Conceição, L. D. H. C. S., Cardoso-Silva, C. B., Pereira, A. S., Oliveira, A. C., and Corrêa, R. X., Genetic variation in a wild population of the ‘sleep’ passion fruit (Passiflora setacea) based on molecular markers, vol. 11. pp. 731-738, 2012.

Little is known about the molecular genetic diversity of most Passiflora species. We used RAPD markers to evaluate the genetic diversity of 24 genotypes of the ‘sleep’ passion fruit (Passiflora setacea). Twelve primers generated 95 markers, 88% of which were polymorphic. The genetic distance estimated by the complement of the Dice index ranged from 0.29 (among accessions Ps-G1 and Ps-G13) to 0.69 (among accessions Ps-G21 and Ps-G23). Genotype grouping based on the UPGMA algorithm showed considerable variability among genotypes. We conclude that P.

Microsatellite markers for assessing genetic diversity of the medicinal plant Paris polyphylla var. chinensis (Trilliaceae)

J. Y. Zheng, Wang, H., Chen, X. X., Wang, P., Gao, P., Li, X. N., and Zhu, G. P., Microsatellite markers for assessing genetic diversity of the medicinal plant Paris polyphylla var. chinensis (Trilliaceae), vol. 11, pp. 1975-1980, 2012.

Paris polyphylla var. chinensis is a perennial herb with medicinal properties that is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. However, this plant has been on the edge of extinction during the last few decades because of excessive deforestation based on the intense ethnopharmaceutical interest. We isolated 12 microsatellite loci from a (CT)n-enriched genomic library of P. polyphylla var. chinensis. The polymorphism at each locus was analyzed by screening 30 individuals from a natural population.

Optimization of DNA extraction from fresh leaf tissues of Melanoxylon brauna (Fabaceae)

D. B. Borges, Amorim, M. B., Waldschmidt, A. M., Mariano-Neto, E., Vivas, C. V., and Pereira, D. G., Optimization of DNA extraction from fresh leaf tissues of Melanoxylon brauna (Fabaceae), vol. 11. pp. 1586-1591, 2012.

Melanoxylon brauna (Fabaceae - Caesalpinioideae) is an endemic and valuable hardwood tree species in the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest; it is comparable to African ebony wood. We tested three protocols of DNA extraction based on the citrimonium bromide (CTAB) method and evaluated the quantity, purity and integrity of the DNA. We also determined whether these procedures interfere with PCR amplification in order to develop a protocol for M. brauna.

Using SCC8, SCF27 and VMC7f2 markers in grapevine breeding for seedlessness via marker assisted selection

M. Akkurt, Çakır, A., Shidfar, M., Çelikkol, B. P., and Söylemezoğlu, G., Using SCC8, SCF27 and VMC7f2 markers in grapevine breeding for seedlessness via marker assisted selection, vol. 11, pp. 2288-2294, 2012.

We used molecular markers associated with seedlessness in grapes, namely SCC8, SCF27 and VMC7f2, to improve the efficiency of seedless grapevine breeding via marker assisted selection (MAS). DNA from 372 F1 hybrid progeny from the cross between seeded “Alphonse Lavallée” and seedless “Sultani” was amplified by PCR using three markers. After digestion of SCC8 marker amplification products by restriction enzyme BgIII, 40 individuals showed homozygous SCC8+/SCC8+ alleles at the seed development inhibitor (SdI) locus.

Application of ISSR markers for verification of F1 hybrids in mungbean (Vigna radiata)

P. Khajudparn, Prajongjai, T., Poolsawat, O., and Tantasawat, P. A., Application of ISSR markers for verification of F1 hybrids in mungbean (Vigna radiata), vol. 11, pp. 3329-3338, 2012.

Mungbean improvement via hybridization requires the identification of true F1 hybrids from controlled crosses before further generations of selfing/crossing and selection. We utilized inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers for identifying putative F1 hybrids from six cross combinations whose morphological characteristics were very similar to those of their respective female parents and could not be visually discriminated from the self-pollinated progeny.

A missense mutant of the PPAR-γgene associated with carcass and meat quality traits in Chinese cattle breeds

Y. Y. Fan, Fu, G. W., Fu, C. Z., Zan, L. S., and Tian, W. Q., A missense mutant of the PPAR-γgene associated with carcass and meat quality traits in Chinese cattle breeds, vol. 11, pp. 3781-3788, 2012.

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) is a key molecule in adipocyte differentitation; it transactivates multiple target genes in lipid metabolic pathways. Using PCR-SSCP and DNA sequencing, we evaluated a potential association of an SNP (72472 G﹥T in exon7) of the bovine PPAR-γgene with carcass and meat quality traits in 660 individuals from five Chinese indigenous cattle breeds, Qinchuan (QC), Luxi (LX), Nanyang (NY), Jiaxian (JX), and Xianan (XN). This 72472 G﹥T mutation identified a missense mutation, Q448H.

Search for methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphisms in mutant figs

M. G. F. Rodrigues, Martins, A. B. G., Bertoni, B. W., Figueira, A., and Giuliatti, S., Search for methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphisms in mutant figs, vol. 12, pp. 2267-2280, 2013.

Fig (Ficus carica) breeding programs that use conventional approaches to develop new cultivars are rare, owing to limited genetic variability and the difficulty in obtaining plants via gamete fusion. Cytosine methylation in plants leads to gene repression, thereby affecting transcription without changing the DNA sequence. Previous studies using random amplification of polymorphic DNA and amplified fragment length polymorphism markers revealed no polymorphisms among select fig mutants that originated from gamma-irradiated buds.

Survey of simple sequence repeats in woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca)

L. Guan, Huang, J. F., Feng, G. Q., Wang, X. W., Wang, Y., Chen, B. Y., and Qiao, Y. S., Survey of simple sequence repeats in woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca), vol. 12, pp. 2637-2651, 2013.

The use of simple sequence repeats (SSRs), or microsatellites, as genetic markers has become popular due to their abundance and variation in length among individuals. In this study, we investigated linkage groups (LGs) in the woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca) and demonstrated variation in the abundances, densities, and relative densities of mononucleotide, dinucleotide, and trinucleotide repeats. Mononucleotide, dinucleotide, and trinucleotide repeats were more common than longer repeats in all LGs examined.

Genomic DNA isolation of Acrocomia aculeata (Arecaceae) from leaf and stipe tissue samples for PCR analysis

E. C. M. Lanes, Nick, C., Kuki, K. N., Freitas, R. D., and Motoike, S. Y., Genomic DNA isolation of Acrocomia aculeata (Arecaceae) from leaf and stipe tissue samples for PCR analysis, vol. 12, pp. 3905-3911, 2013.

Macaw palm, Acrocomia aculeata is an oleaginous species of the Arecaceae family; it has been identified as one of the most promising plants for sustainable production of renewable energy, especially biodiesel. We developed an efficient protocol of genomic DNA extraction for A. aculeata using leaf and stipe tissues, based on the cationic hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide method, and we evaluated the quantity, purity, and integrity of the resultant DNA. We also determined whether these procedures interfere with PCR amplification using SSR molecular markers.

Population variability of Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) in different hosts

G. Edo Valle, Lourenção, A. L., Zucchi, M. I., Pinheiro, J. B., and de Abreu, A. G., Population variability of Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) in different hosts, vol. 12, pp. 4615-4624, 2013.

The silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), is a cryptic species complex that contains some of the most damaging pests in tropical and subtropical regions. Recent studies have indicated that this complex is composed of at least 24 distinct and morphologically indistinguishable species that mainly differ in their ability to transmit phytoviruses, adapt to hosts, and induce physiological changes in certain hosts.

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