Diversity

Phenotypic and molecular fingerprinting of fast growing rhizobia of field-grown pigeonpea from the eastern edge of the Brazilian Pantanal

F. M. Costa, Schiavo, J. A., Brasil, M. S., Leite, J., Xavier, G. R., and Fernandes, Jr, P. I., “Phenotypic and molecular fingerprinting of fast growing rhizobia of field-grown pigeonpea from the eastern edge of the Brazilian Pantanal”, vol. 13, pp. 469-482, 2014.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the diversity of rhizobial isolates obtained from root nodules of pigeonpea plants grown at the eastern edge of the Brazilian Pantanal. The bacterial isolates were isolated from root nodules from field-growing pigeonpea grown in two rural settlements of the Aquidauana municipality. The bacterial isolates were characterized phenotypically by means of cultural characterization, intrinsic antibiotic resistance (IAR), salt and high incubation temperature tolerance, and amylolytic and cellulolytic activities.

Diversity of endophytic bacteria in Caragana microphylla grown in the desert grassland of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region of China

J. X. Dai, Liu, X. M., and Wang, Y. J., “Diversity of endophytic bacteria in Caragana microphylla grown in the desert grassland of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region of China”, vol. 13, pp. 2349-2358, 2014.

The diversity of endophytic bacteria in the sand-fixation plant Caragana microphylla was investigated by amplified rDNA restriction analysis and by sequence and phylogenetic comparisons of the 16S rRNA genes. A total of 24, 19, and 17 operational taxonomic units were identified from 16S rDNA libraries of the plant roots, stems and leaves, respectively. Homology analysis revealed a 92-100% identity of bacterial 16S rDNA sequences compared with those in the GenBank database.

Morphological and genetic relationships between wild and domesticated forms of peppers (Capsicum frutescens L. and C. chinense Jacquin)

S. I. C. Carvalho, Ragassi, C. F., Bianchetti, L. B., Reifschneider, F. J. B., Buso, G. S. C., and Faleiro, F. G., “Morphological and genetic relationships between wild and domesticated forms of peppers (Capsicum frutescens L. and C. chinense Jacquin)”, vol. 13, pp. 7447-7464, 2014.

Capsicum chinense and C. frutescens peppers are part of the Brazilian biodiversity, and the Amazon basin is the area of greatest diversity for them, especially for that former species. Nevertheless, little is known about their evolutionary history. Aiming to identify genotypes with wild and domesticated characteristics, 30 accessions of the germplasm bank of Embrapa were characterized using morphological descriptors and ISSR molecular markers.

Analysis of Antarctic proteobacteria by PCR fingerprinting and screening for antimicrobial secondary metabolites

L. - H. Lee, Cheah, Y. - K., Syakima, A. M. Nurul, Shiran, M. S., Tang, Y. - L., Lin, H. - P., and Hong, K., “Analysis of Antarctic proteobacteria by PCR fingerprinting and screening for antimicrobial secondary metabolites”, vol. 11, pp. 1627-1641, 2012.

Fifty-seven proteobacterium species were successfully isolated from soils of Barrientos Island of the Antarctic using 11 different isolation media. Analysis of 16S rDNA sequencing of these isolates showed that they belonged to eight different genera, namely Bradyrhizobium, Sphingomonas, Methylobacterium, Caulobacter, Paracoccus, Ralstonia, Rhizobium, and Staphylococcus. All isolates were studied for capability of producing antimicrobial and antifungal secondary metabolites using high-throughput screening models.

Diversity among isolates of cowpea severe mosaic virus infecting cowpeas in northeastern Brazil

E. F. M. Abreu, Tinoco, M. L. P., Andrade, E. C., and Aragão, F. J. L., “Diversity among isolates of cowpea severe mosaic virus infecting cowpeas in northeastern Brazil”, vol. 11, pp. 3146-3153, 2012.

Eleven isolates of cowpea severe mosaic virus (CPSMV), a member of the genus Comovirus, were selected from 50 samples collected of nine cowpea fields in Northeastern Brazil (Piauí, Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Alagoas, Sergipe, Bahia, and Distrito Federal) and partially sequenced. The RNA1 partial sequence, corresponding to the helicase, viral genome-linked protein, picornain 3C-like protease, and the RNA-directed RNA polymerase genes from CPSMV, had high identity among isolates, varying from 98 to 100%.

Endophytic fungi from Vitis labrusca L. ‘Niagara Rosada’) and its potential for the biological control of Fusarium oxysporum

M. C. P. Brum, Araújo, W. L., Maki, C. S., and Azevedo, J. L., “Endophytic fungi from Vitis labrusca L. ‘Niagara Rosada’) and its potential for the biological control of Fusarium oxysporum”, vol. 11, pp. 4187-4197, 2012.

We investigated the diversity of endophytic fungi found on grape (Vitis labrusca cv. Niagara Rosada) leaves collected from Salesópolis, SP, Brazil. The fungi were isolated and characterized by amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis, followed by sequencing of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA. In addition, the ability of these endophytic fungi to inhibit the grapevine pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp herbemontis was determined in vitro.

Genetic variation based on microsatellite analysis of the oriental river prawn, Macrobrachium nipponense from Qiandao Lake in China

K. Y. Ma, Feng, J. B., and Li, J. L., “Genetic variation based on microsatellite analysis of the oriental river prawn, Macrobrachium nipponense from Qiandao Lake in China”, vol. 11, pp. 4235-4244, 2012.

The oriental river prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense) is an important freshwater prawn species in China. We collected 236 oriental river prawns from four wild stocks from Qiandao Lake, Zhejiang, China, and used nine polymorphic microsatellite markers to investigate their genetic diversity and structure, to facilitate the development of a selective breeding program. We found 185 alleles at nine loci in this sample. The observed heterozygosity (HO) and expected heterozygosity (HE) ranged from 0.43 to 0.89 and 0.56 to 0.95, respectively.

Genetic diversity among melon accessions (Cucumis melo) from Turkey based on SSR markers

Y. A. Kaçar, Simsek, O., Solmaz, I., Sari, N., and Mendi, Y. Y., “Genetic diversity among melon accessions (Cucumis melo) from Turkey based on SSR markers”, vol. 11, pp. 4622-4631, 2012.

Melon (Cucumis melo) is an important vegetable crop in Turkey, where it is grown in many regions; the most widely planted lines are local winter types belonging to the var. inodorous. We examined 81 melon genotypes collected from different provinces of Turkey, compared with 15 reference melon genotypes obtained from INRA/France, to determine genetic diversity among Turkish melons. Twenty polymorphic primers were used to generate the SSR markers. PCR amplification was performed and electrophoresis was conducted. SSR data were used to generate a binary matrix.

Genetic diversity studies in pea (Pisum sativum L.) using simple sequence repeat markers

P. Kumari, Basal, N., Singh, A. K., Rai, V. P., Srivastava, C. P., and Singh, P. K., “Genetic diversity studies in pea (Pisum sativum L.) using simple sequence repeat markers”, vol. 12, pp. 3540-3550, 2013.

The genetic diversity among 28 pea (Pisum sativum L.) genotypes was analyzed using 32 simple sequence repeat markers. A total of 44 polymorphic bands, with an average of 2.1 bands per primer, were obtained. The polymorphism information content ranged from 0.657 to 0.309 with an average of 0.493. The variation in genetic diversity among these cultivars ranged from 0.11 to 0.73.

Development and characterization of novel expressed sequence tag-derived simple sequence repeat markers in Hevea brasiliensis (rubber tree)

Z. W. An, Li, Y. C., Zhai, Q. L., Xie, L. L., Zhao, Y. H., and Huang, H. S., “Development and characterization of novel expressed sequence tag-derived simple sequence repeat markers in Hevea brasiliensis (rubber tree)”, vol. 12, pp. 5905-5910, 2013.

Cultivated clones of Hevea brasiliensis have a narrow genetic base. In order to broaden the genetic base, it is first necessary to investigate the genetic diversity of wild populations. Expressed sequence tag-simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) markers were developed to investigate the genetic diversity of Hevea populations. Four hundred and thirty microsatellites were identified and 148 primers were designed to amplify the loci. Twenty-nine primer pairs were synthesized and evaluated for their ability to detect genetic polymorphisms among 40 wild accessions of H.

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