Cell cycle

Mitochondria-dependent apoptogenic activity of the aqueous root extract of Croton membranaceus against human BPH-1 cells

D. K. Afriyie, Asare, G. A., Bugyei, K., Lin, J., Peng, J., and Hong, Z., “Mitochondria-dependent apoptogenic activity of the aqueous root extract of Croton membranaceus against human BPH-1 cells”, vol. 14, pp. 149-162, 2015.

Croton membranaceus aqueous root extract (CMARE) is among the widely used phytotherapeutics in Ghana for the management of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer. However, the mechanism of action of CMARE remains to be elucidated. This study aimed to establish whether apoptosis is involved in the antiproliferative effect of CMARE on human BPH-1 cells. We determined the effect of treatment with 0, 1, 3, and 5 mg/mL CMARE for 24, 48, and 72 h on the viability and morphology of BPH-1 cells using the MMT assay and phase-contrast microscopy, respectively.

Mangiferin induces cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase through ATR-Chk1 pathway in HL-60 leukemia cells

Z. G. Peng, Yao, Y. B., Yang, J., Tang, Y. L., and Huang, X., “Mangiferin induces cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase through ATR-Chk1 pathway in HL-60 leukemia cells”, vol. 14, pp. 4989-5002, 2015.

This study aimed to determine the effect of mangiferin on the cell cycle in HL-60 leukemia cells and expression of the cell cycle-regulatory genes Wee1, Chk1 and CDC25C and to further investigate the molecular mechanisms of the antileukemic action of mangiferin. The inhibitory effect of mangiferin on HL-60 leukemia cell proliferation was determined by the MTT assay. The impact of mangiferin on the HL-60 cell cycle was evaluated by flow cytometry.

FOXO1 is a tumor suppressor in cervical cancer

B. Zhang, Gui, L. S., Zhao, X. L., Zhu, L. L., and Li, Q. W., “FOXO1 is a tumor suppressor in cervical cancer”, vol. 14, pp. 6605-6616, 2015.

Forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) is an important transcriptional regulator of cell proliferation, and is considered essential for tumor growth and progression. However, the function of FOXO1 in human cervical cancer remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of FOXO1 in cervical cancer. Our results showed that FOXO1 expression was lower in cervical cancer than in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and normal cervix by immunohistochemical analysis (P 2/M phase and upregulation of caspases-3 and -9 gene expression.

Overexpression of the growth arrest-specific homeobox gene Gax inhibits proliferation, migration, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis in serum-induced vascular smooth muscle cells

H. Zheng, Xue, S., Hu, Z. L., Shan, J. G., and Yang, W. G., “Overexpression of the growth arrest-specific homeobox gene Gax inhibits proliferation, migration, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis in serum-induced vascular smooth muscle cells”, vol. 13, pp. 1993-2008, 2014.

The Gax gene has been implicated in a variety of cell-developmental and biological processes, and aberrant Gax expression is linked to many diseases. In this study, to provide important insights for Gax-based gene therapy in vein graft restenosis and its anti-restenotic mechanism, we used rabbit vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) to investigate the effects of Gax overexpression on proliferation, migration, cell cycle, and apoptosis in a serum-stimulated culture.

TP53 gene polymorphisms at codons 11, 72, and 248 and association with endometriosis in a Brazilian population

C. M. Camargo-Kosugi, D’Amora, P., Kleine, J. P. F. O., Carvalho, C. V., Sato, H., Schor, E., and Silva, I. D. C. G., “TP53 gene polymorphisms at codons 11, 72, and 248 and association with endometriosis in a Brazilian population”, vol. 13, pp. 6503-6511, 2014.

We evaluated the association between TP53 gene polymorphisms and endometriosis in Brazilian women. Genomic DNA was extracted from swabs of buccal cells collected from hospital patients. TP53 gene polymorphisms were investigated at three codons: TP53*11 Glu/Gln or Lys (GAG->CAG or AAG), TP53*72 Arg/Pro (CCG->CCC), and TP53*248 Arg/Thr (CGG->TCG) using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method.

Knockdown expression of Apc11 leads to cell-cycle distribution reduction in G2/M phase

Y. - J. Shi and Huo, K. - K., “Knockdown expression of Apc11 leads to cell-cycle distribution reduction in G2/M phase”, vol. 11, pp. 2814-2822, 2012.

Anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is a key E3 ubiquitin ligase in cell division, which catalyses ubiquitination of cell-cycle regulators. Studying this complex could reveal important information regarding its application in cancer research and therapy. In this study, 4 synthesized small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) were transfected into HEK293T cells to suppress messenger RNA (mRNA) of Apc11; 2 of these reduced the amount of Apc11 mRNA by over 50%.

Expression profiling based on coexpressed modules in obese prepubertal children

J. F. Zhang, Yao, G. Y., and Wu, Y. H., “Expression profiling based on coexpressed modules in obese prepubertal children”, vol. 11, pp. 3077-3085, 2012.

The aim of this study was to identify related genes and the underlying molecular mechanisms in obese patients who show a series of clinical and metabolic abnormalities known as metabolic syndrome. We identified expression profiles through a coexpression network. In addition, a similarity matrix and expression modules were constructed based on domain and pathway enrichment analysis.

Does copper stress lead to spindle misposition-dependent cell cycle arrest?

C. Tarhan and Sarikaya, A. T., “Does copper stress lead to spindle misposition-dependent cell cycle arrest?”, vol. 11, pp. 3824-3834, 2012.

Because of its specific electrochemical properties, copper is an essential heavy metal for living organisms. As with other heavy metals, high levels can provoke damage. We examined gene expression under copper stress in wild-type fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe) through differential display. After the EC50 concentration of CuSO4 was determined as 50 μM, total RNA was isolated from cells treated or not with copper. The expression level of SPCC1682.13, ppk1, SPBC2F12.05c, and adg2 genes increased significantly under copper stress.

In vitro development of cloned bovine embryos produced by handmade cloning using somatic cells from distinct levels of cell culture confluence

R. P. C. Gerger, Ribeiro, E. S., Forell, F., Bertolini, L. R., Rodrigues, J. L., Ambrósio, C. E., Miglino, M. A., Mezzalira, A., and Bertolini, M., “In vitro development of cloned bovine embryos produced by handmade cloning using somatic cells from distinct levels of cell culture confluence”, vol. 9, pp. 295-302, 2010.

The relationship between the level of cell confluence near the plateau phase of growth and blastocyst yield following somatic cell cloning is not well understood. We examined the effect of distinct cell culture confluence levels on in vitro development of cloned bovine embryos. In vitro-matured bovine oocytes were manually bisected and selected by DNA staining. One or two enucleated hemi-cytoplasts were paired and fused with an adult skin somatic cell.

Flow cytometry for diepoxybutane test analysis

C. F. A. Moreira, Júnior, L. C. Brito, and Lemos, J. A. R., “Flow cytometry for diepoxybutane test analysis”, vol. 7, pp. 1353-1359, 2008.

The main feature of Fanconi anemia (FA) is the high sensitivity of the cells to the clastogenic agent, diepoxybutane (DEB). Thus, differential diagnosis of this syndrome can be made by cytogenetic analysis; adding DEB to lymphocytes in culture (DEB test) increases the number of chromosome breaks. Fanconi anemia cells have an abnormal cell cycle, with an increased frequency of cells arrested at G2. In order to determine if flow cytometry can be utilized for FA diagnosis, we cultivated lymphocytes with DEB and analyzed them for G2 accumulation.

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