Apoptosis

Gene expression study related with the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis in bladder cancer by real-time PCR technique

D. F. Barione, Lizarte, F. S. N., Novais, P. C., de Carvalho, C. A. M., Valeri, F. C. B., Peria, F. M., de Oliveira, H. F., Zanette, D. L., Silva, Jr., W. A., Cologna, A. J., Reis, R. B., Tucci, Jr., S., Martins, A. C. P., Tirapelli, D. P. C., and Tirapelli, L. F., Gene expression study related with the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis in bladder cancer by real-time PCR technique, vol. 12, pp. 878-886, 2013.

We examined the expression of anti-apoptotic genes (XIAP and Bcl-2) and apoptotic genes (cytochrome c, caspase-9, Apaf-1) in tissue samples of patients with superficial bladder cancer. Thirty-two bladder cancer tissue samples (8 papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential, 10 low-grade, and 14 high-grade) and 8 normal bladder tissue samples from necropsy were used for the study of gene expression by real-time PCR analysis.

Genetic variants of AICDA/CASP14 associated with childhood brain tumor

S. Jeon, Han, S., Lee, K., Choi, J., Park, S. K., Park, A. K., Ahn, H. S., Shin, H. Y., Kang, H. J., Koo, H. H., Seo, J. J., Choi, J. E., Kim, H., Ahn, Y., and Kang, D., Genetic variants of AICDA/CASP14 associated with childhood brain tumor, vol. 12, pp. 2024-2031, 2013.

We conducted a hospital-based case-control study in Korea to investigate whether apoptosis- and cell cycle control-related genes are associated with childhood brain tumor. Incident brain tumor cases (N = 70) and non-cancer controls (N = 140), frequency-matched by age and gender, were selected from 3 teaching hospitals in Seoul between 2003 and 2006. Tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (N = 297) in 30 genes related to apoptosis and cell cycle control were selected using a pairwise linkage-disequilibrium-based algorithm.

Methylation regulation of liver-specific microRNA-122 expression and its effects on the proliferation and apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells

T. J. Xing, Xu, H. T., Yu, W. Q., and Jiang, D. F., Methylation regulation of liver-specific microRNA-122 expression and its effects on the proliferation and apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells, vol. 12, pp. 3588-3597, 2013.

The regulation mechanism and significance of microRNA-122 (miRNA-122) expression are unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of DNA methylation on liver-specific miRNA-122 expression, cell proliferation, and apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Methylation of the miRNA-122 promoter region was detected through methylation sequencing. The level of miRNA-122 expression was measured using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The proliferation and apoptosis of hepatocellular cell lines were detected using flow cytometry and Cell Counting Kit-8 assays.

The role of Hsp90α in heat-induced apoptosis and cell damage in primary myocardial cell cultures of neonatal rats

A. Islam, Lv, Y. J., Abdelnasir, A., Rehana, B., Liu, Z. J., Zhang, M., Tang, S., Cheng, Y. F., Chen, H. B., Hartung, J., and Bao, E. D., The role of Hsp90α in heat-induced apoptosis and cell damage in primary myocardial cell cultures of neonatal rats, vol. 12, pp. 6080-6091, 2013.

To understand the mechanism underlying the sudden animal death caused by acute heart failure during heat stress, the relationships among the heat-induced pathological changes and apoptosis and the variations in the levels of protective Hsp90α and its mRNA in the heat-stressed primary myocardial cells of neonatal rats in vitro were studied by cytopathological observation, immunoblotting, RT-PCR, and analysis of the related enzymes.

Zinc finger protein A20 overexpression inhibits monocyte homing and protects endothelial cells from injury induced by high glucose

C. L. Hou, Zhang, W., Wei, Y., Mi, J. H., Li, L., Zhou, Z. H., Zeng, W., and Ying, D. J., Zinc finger protein A20 overexpression inhibits monocyte homing and protects endothelial cells from injury induced by high glucose, vol. 10, pp. 1050-1059, 2011.

Diabetes mellitus causes vascular lesions and may ultimately lead to atherosclerosis. One of the earliest steps in the development of atherosclerotic lesions is the adhesion of monocytes to endothelial cells of the vessel wall. It is currently unknown whether zinc finger protein A20 is able to protect endothelial cells from injury caused by high levels of glucose and monocyte homing. In our study, adhesion of monocytes to the vessel wall endothelium was detected by measuring the rolling velocity of monocytes along human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).

Micronuclei as biomarkers for evaluating the risk of malignant transformation in the uterine cervix

G. M. A. Aires, Meireles, J. R. C., Oliveira, P. C., Oliveira, J. L., Araújo, E. L., Pires, B. C., Cruz, E. S. A., Jesus, N. F., Pereira, C. A. B., and Cerqueira, E. M. M., Micronuclei as biomarkers for evaluating the risk of malignant transformation in the uterine cervix, vol. 10, pp. 1558-1564, 2011.

We evaluated micronucleus and apoptosis occurrence among women with normal smears and women with different kinds of cervical abnormalities, i.e., inflammatory processes and low- and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (N = 12, N = 10 and N = 27, respectively). The sample included 59 women who were seen at a public medical service for cervical cancer prevention in Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil. The diagnosis was established by means of cytological, colposcopic, and histopathological examination.

Effects of intra- and extracellular factors on anti-aging klotho gene expression

K. Turan and Ata, P., Effects of intra- and extracellular factors on anti-aging klotho gene expression, vol. 10, pp. 2009-2023, 2011.

Inactivation of the klotho gene in mice causes serious systemic disorders, resembling human aging. However, at the molecular level, its action mechanisms are not well understood. The stimulatory or inhibitory effects of cis- and trans-regulatory factors on the klotho gene expression are also still unclear. We studied the effects of intra- and extracellular factors on human klotho gene expression.

Vero cells infected with the Lederle strain of canine distemper virus have increased Fas receptor signaling expression at 15 h post-infection

H. L. Del Puerto, Martins, A. S., Braz, G. F., Alves, F., Heinemann, M. B., Rajão, D. S., Araújo, F. C., Martins, S. F., Nascimento, D. R., Leite, R. C., and Vasconcelos, A. C., Vero cells infected with the Lederle strain of canine distemper virus have increased Fas receptor signaling expression at 15 h post-infection, vol. 10, pp. 2527-2533, 2011.

We evaluated the expression of the Fas receptor gene in Vero cells infected with the Lederle vaccine strain of canine distemper virus using RT-PCR. Vero cells were plated, and after being grown for 24 h in MEM with 5% FBS, 80-90% confluent monolayer cultures were infected with the virus. The cells were harvested at 3, 6, 9, and 15 h post-infection. Uninfected Vero cells were used as a control. Total RNA was isolated from Vero cells using 1 mL Trizol® LS, and RT was performed using 2 μg total RNA.

Influence of Arg72Pro polymorphisms of TP53 on the response of buccal cells to radiotherapy

L. Pereira, Carvalho, M. R. S., Fonseca, C. G., Lima, S. S. S., Cerqueira, E. M. M., Jorge, W., and Castro, M. C. L., Influence of Arg72Pro polymorphisms of TP53 on the response of buccal cells to radiotherapy, vol. 10. pp. 3552-3558, 2011.

Polymorphisms in the TP53 gene codon 72 (Arg72Pro) influence apoptosis induction and DNA damage repair. We evaluated how variants of protein p53 (p53Arg and p53Pro) affect cell death and DNA damage repair by analyzing the frequencies of karyorrhexis and micronuclei. There were significant differences in the frequency of karyorrhexis between the three p53 genotypes (Arg/Arg, Arg/Pro, and Pro/Pro), between samples taken before and after radiotherapy, and between patients and controls. The frequency of micronucleated cells increased significantly after radiotherapy.

Inflammatory response to isocyanates and onset of genomic instability in cultured human lung fibroblasts

P. K. Mishra, Bhargava, A., Raghuram, G. V., Gupta, S., Tiwari, S., Upadhyaya, R., Jain, S. K., and Maudar, K. K., Inflammatory response to isocyanates and onset of genomic instability in cultured human lung fibroblasts, vol. 8, pp. 129-143, 2009.

Lungs comprise the primary organ exposed to environmental toxic chemicals, resulting in diverse respiratory ailments and other disorders, including carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis is a multi-stage phenomenon, which involves a series of genetic alterations that begin with genomic instability provoked by certain factors such as inflammation and DNA damage and end with the development of cancer.

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