Apoptosis

Protective effects of the antileishmanial extract of Tephrosia cinerea (L.) Pers. (Fabaceae) against cyclophosphamide-induced damage

A. C. S. Dias, Moreira, V. R., Almeida, L. P., Lima, M. I. S., Bezerra, J. L., Ribeiro, M. N. S., Nascimento, F. R. F., and Pereira, S. R. F., “Protective effects of the antileishmanial extract of Tephrosia cinerea (L.) Pers. (Fabaceae) against cyclophosphamide-induced damage”, vol. 13, pp. 9044-9055, 2014.

Tephrosia cinerea L. (Pers.) is a tropical species that exhibits antileishmanial activity in Leishmania amazonensis promastigote cultures and is commonly used to treat infections, inflammations, ulcers, nervous conditions, and diarrhea. However, no studies have investigated its effects on genetic material. Therefore, we evaluated the genotoxic potential, antigenotoxic potential, and cytotoxic effects of hydroalcoholic extracts of T. cinerea leaves.

Effect of BMPRIB gene silencing by siRNA on apoptosis and steroidogenesis of porcine granulosa cells

Y. Y. Zhao, Li, X. X., Wang, W., Chen, X., Yu, P., Wang, J. J., and Xu, Y. X., “Effect of BMPRIB gene silencing by siRNA on apoptosis and steroidogenesis of porcine granulosa cells”, vol. 13, pp. 9964-9975, 2014.

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are the key factors in maintaining cell growth and differentiation in ovaries. BMPs initiate signaling by assembling BMP receptors and activating Smads, which in turn alter the expression of target genes. However, little is known about the effect of the deletion of the Bone morphogenetic protein receptor type IB (BMPRIB) on porcine granulosa cell (GCs).

 Effect of siRNA targeting EZH2 on cell viability and apoptosis of bladder cancer T24 cells

H. F. Wang, Yang, H., Hu, L. B., Lei, Y. H., Qin, Y., Li, J., Bi, C. W., Wang, J. S., and Huo, Q., “ Effect of siRNA targeting EZH2 on cell viability and apoptosis of bladder cancer T24 cells”, vol. 13, pp. 9939-9950, 2014.

We investigated the effect of siRNA targeting enhancer of EZH2 on cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and apoptosis of human bladder cancer T24 cells. An siRNA-expressing plasmid targeting the EZH2 gene was transfected into T24 cells. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis were used to detect EZH2 expression at the mRNA and protein levels, respectively. Proliferation, invasion, and migration of T24 cells were examined in vivo using MTT, wound healing, and transwell chamber migration assays, respectively.

Cytochalasin B inhibits the proliferation of human glioma U251 cells through cell cycle arrest and apoptosis

Z. G. Tong, Liu, N., Song, H. S., Li, J. Q., Jiang, J., Zhu, J. Y., and Qi, J. P., “Cytochalasin B inhibits the proliferation of human glioma U251 cells through cell cycle arrest and apoptosis”, vol. 13, pp. 10811-10822, 2014.

Cytochalasin B (CB) is known to inhibit a number of cancer types, but its effects on gliomas are unknown. We examined the in vitro effects of CB on the proliferation of human glioma U251 cells, as well as determined its mechanism of action. Cell proliferation was determined using CCK-8. The effect of CB on U251 cell morphology was observed under a transmission electron microscope. Cell cycle distribution was assessed using propidium iodine and Giemsa staining, and cell apoptosis was determined by annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide.

Protection effect of atorvastatin in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury rats by blocking the mitochondrial permeability transition pore

T. Song, Liu, J., Tao, X., and Deng, J. G., “Protection effect of atorvastatin in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury rats by blocking the mitochondrial permeability transition pore”, vol. 13, pp. 10632-10642, 2014.

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of atorvastatin on the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) and the expression of cytochrome C (Cyt C) in Sprague-Dawley rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). The rat model of cerebral artery ischemia was established by the suture-occluded method with ischemia for 2 h and reperfusion for 72 h.

Protein transduction domain-hA20 fusion protein protects endothelial cells against high glucose-induced injury

C. L. Hou, Huang, Q., Wei, Y., Zhang, W., Mi, J. H., Ying, D. J., and Zhou, Z. H., “Protein transduction domain-hA20 fusion protein protects endothelial cells against high glucose-induced injury”, vol. 11, pp. 1899-1908, 2012.

We constructed a plasmid containing a protein transduction domain (PTD) and a human A20 (hA20) gene fragment; the fusion protein was obtained by highly expressing this plasmid in the yeast Pichia pastoris GS115. The plasmid was obtained by adding 9xArg and EcoRІ recognition sites to the end of the primer, and 6xHis-Tag and NotІ recognition sites to its end.

Extract from mistletoe, Viscum album L., reduces Hsp27 and 14-3-3 protein expression and induces apoptosis in C6 rat glioma cells

E. Ö. Uçar, Arda, N., and Aitken, A., “Extract from mistletoe, Viscum album L., reduces Hsp27 and 14-3-3 protein expression and induces apoptosis in C6 rat glioma cells”, vol. 11, pp. 2801-2813, 2012.

Extracts of mistletoe (Viscum album) are intensively used in complementary medicine, but their mechanisms are not fully understood in most cases, and the effects on metabolism have not been investigated in detail. However, some biologically active natural products are well known to provoke unexpected cellular responses. They reduce overexpression of heat shock proteins (Hsps) in cancer cells. The aim of the current study was to determine whether methanolic extract of V.

Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor A expression in mouse granulosa cells by lentivector-mediated RNAi

N. Ally, Zou, X. L., Jiang, B. C., Qin, L., Zhai, L., Xiao, P., and Liu, H. L., “Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor A expression in mouse granulosa cells by lentivector-mediated RNAi”, vol. 11, pp. 4019-4033, 2012.

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been found responsible for the induction of proliferation and differentiation in granulosa cells. We constructed four short hairpin RNA (shRNA) expression plasmids targeting the mouse VEGFA gene, and examined their effect on VEGF expression in mouse granulosa cells (MGC) in vitro. Four different shRNA oligonucleotides targeting the coding sequence of mouse VEGFA mRNA and one negative control (shNC) were designed and cloned into a pGPU6/GFP/Neo siRNA expression vector, and transiently transfected into MGC.

The epimer of kaurenoic acid from Croton antisyphiliticus is cytotoxic toward B-16 and HeLa tumor cells through apoptosis induction

V. C. Fernandes, Pereira, S. I. V., Coppede, J., Martins, J. S., Rizo, W. F., Beleboni, R. O., Marins, M., Pereira, P. S., Pereira, A. M. S., and Fachin, A. L., “The epimer of kaurenoic acid from Croton antisyphiliticus is cytotoxic toward B-16 and HeLa tumor cells through apoptosis induction”, vol. 12, pp. 1005-1011, 2013.

Cancer has become the leading cause of death in developing countries due to increased life expectancy of the population and changes in lifestyle. Studies on active principles of plant have motivated researchers to develop new antitumor agents that are specific and effective for treatment of neoplasms. Kaurane diterpenes are considered important compounds in the development of new and highly effective anticancer chemotherapeutic agents due to their cytotoxic properties in the induction of apoptosis.

MicroRNA-181b expression in prostate cancer tissues and its influence on the biological behavior of the prostate cancer cell line PC-3

L. He, Yao, H., Fan, L. H., Liu, L., Qiu, S., Li, X., Gao, J. P., and Hao, C. Q., “MicroRNA-181b expression in prostate cancer tissues and its influence on the biological behavior of the prostate cancer cell line PC-3”, vol. 12, pp. 1012-1021, 2013.

We examined microRNA-181b (miRNA) expression in prostate cancer tissues and its effect on the prostate cancer cell line PC-3. Tissues from 27 cases of prostate cancer and 30 samples of normal human prostate were collected by surgical removal. Total miRNA was extracted, and the relative expression of miR-181b was quantified using RT-PCR. miR-181b ASO was transfected into prostate cancer PC-3 cells. miR-181b expression in transfected and non-transfected cells was measured using RT-PCR. Changes in cell apoptosis were measured using flow cytometry.

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