AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING FOR DEVELOPMENT OF HEAT-RESILIENT CROP GENOTYPES

Abstract

Background: Global the impact of climate change rising temperature are now the primary dangers to agricultural productivity as well as crop viability and food security in the world. Heat stress has adverse impacts on photosynthesis, growth in reproduction, water status and cell metabolism in plants, causing significant yield losses and decreased crop quality.

Objective: The objective of this study involves creating heat resilient crop genotypes through agricultural biotechnological engineering approaches such as CRISPR-Cas editing of genomes, molecular breeding and synthetic biology based stress pathway optimization.

Methodology: Engineering of crop models about stress responsive genes, transcription parameters, and heat shock proteins related to thermal adaptation through genome editing and genetic overexpression techniques. Physiological traits, efficiency of photosynthesis, antioxidant activity and stability of yields were assessed under controlled thermal stress conditions.

Results: Engineered crop genotypes exhibited a substantial increase in chlorophyll stability (85%), photosynthetic efficiency (78%), survival according to heat stress (82%) and yield retention enhancement (35%) compared to conventional cultivars. In addition, upregulation of protection against antioxidants pathways and heat-responsive signals networks resulted in increased metabolic stability and tolerance for stress.

Conclusions: Agricultural biotechnology engineering is an effective method to create climate resilient crops that can maintain productivity under high temperature conditions to ensure future food security along with sustainable agriculture.