DIGITAL AND ICT-BASED AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICES FOR ACCELERATING TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION AND SUSTAINABLE HORTICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT: A REVIEW

Abstract

Horticulture is a crucial part of global agriculture, yet it is increasingly challenged by climate change, limited resources, and fluctuating markets. To tackle these issues, digital and ICT-based extension services have emerged as powerful solutions, enhancing access to information, improving management precision, and fostering communication between farmers. The adoption of technologies such as mobile phones, internet platforms, IoT sensors, artificial intelligence (AI), remote sensing, and big-data analytics has transformed horticultural advisory systems. These advancements facilitate real-time and location-specific interactions between farmers and experts. As a result, they aid in informed decision-making across various aspects of farming, including crop production, pest and disease management, irrigation, nutrient application, and marketing strategies. Evidence suggests that digital extension services can boost technology adoption, productivity, and resilience among farmers; however, the success of these initiatives relies on factors like infrastructure, digital literacy, affordability, and institutional backing. This review outlines the development of digital horticultural extension, underscores its significance for climate-smart and sustainable practices, and emphasizes the need for inclusive, farmer-centric, and hybrid models that blend human and digital approaches. Future research should concentrate on understanding the long-term effects, context-specific factors influencing adoption, and the creation of integrated policy frameworks that promote equitable and sustainable digital advancements in horticulture.