CLINICAL PROFILE AND MANAGEMENT OF BRONCHO ESOPHAGEAL FOREIGN BODIES: A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF 110 CASES

Abstract

Aims: To evaluate the clinical profile, anatomical distribution, and management outcomes of broncho-esophageal foreign bodies in a tertiary care setting. Material and Methods: This retrospective clinical study analyzed 110 consecutive patients who presented with broncho esophageal foreign bodies between March 2024 and May 2026. The study included demographic data, symptomatology, type and site of the foreign body, surgical interventions, and post-operative complications. Results: The cohort comprised 54 males and 56 females with a mean age of 5.1 years. The pediatric population (≤18 years) accounted for 96.3% (n=106) of cases. Non-vegetative objects were predominant (82.7%, n=91), with coins being the most frequently impacted object overall (66.3%, n=73). The cricopharynx was the most common site of impaction in the digestive tract (62.7%, n=69). Among airway foreign bodies, the right principal bronchus was significantly more involved (n=28) than the left (n=4). General anesthesia (GA) was utilized in 96.3% (n=106) of extractions, primarily via rigid esophagoscopy and bronchoscopy. The success rate of endoscopic removal was excellent, with a 99.1% complication-free recovery rate; only one patient experienced a tension pneumothorax. Conclusion: Broncho-esophageal foreign bodies remain a critical pediatric emergency, predominantly involving coins in the cricopharynx and vegetative matter in the right bronchus. Prompt radiological evaluation followed by rigid endoscopy under general anesthesia is a highly safe and effective management paradigm with minimal morbidity.