PRECISION MEDICINE IN CLINICAL PRACTICE: INTEGRATING GENOMIC AND BIOCHEMICAL DATA

Abstract

Precision medicine is reshaping clinical practice by moving healthcare from generalized treatment models toward individualized diagnosis, prevention, and therapy based on patient-specific biological data. This article examines the integration of genomic and biochemical data in clinical practice, with emphasis on its diagnostic, therapeutic, pharmacogenomic, ethical, legal, and governance implications. Genomic data provide insight into inherited risk, disease susceptibility, molecular targets, and drug-response variability, while biochemical data offer functional evidence of disease activity, metabolic status, therapeutic response, and toxicity. The study adopts a doctrinal legal research methodology based on secondary literature, professional guidelines, policy documents, and regulatory materials. The analysis shows that integrated precision medicine expands clinical responsibility, complicates informed consent, raises concerns about incidental findings, and demands stronger protection of genetic and biochemical data. It also demonstrates that pharmacogenomics, multi-omics integration, artificial intelligence, and post-genomic electronic medical records can strengthen patient-specific care when supported by validated biomarkers and accountable decision-making systems. However, implementation remains limited by uncertain clinical utility, uneven biomarker regulation, inadequate physician training, reimbursement barriers, privacy risks, and inequitable access. The article concludes that precision medicine can improve healthcare outcomes only when technological innovation is matched with ethical governance, legal clarity, professional competence, data protection, and equitable distribution of benefits.