SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY INNOVATIONS FOR ENHANCING CROP RESILIENCE UNDER CHANGING CLIMATE AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS

Abstract

Background: The phenomenon of climate change and environmental stressors like drought, salinity and extreme temperatures puts great challenges on world crop productivity and food security.

Objective: The paper will assess the potential of synthetic biology technologies, such as using genetic engineering, altering metabolic pathways, and developing synthetic regulatory systems, to increase crop resistance.

Methodology: There has been a systematic review on the studies published since 2018 and 2025 through databases like PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. Chosen articles centered on evidence based research (experimental and field) on the application of synthetic biology in crop improvement.

Findings: The outcomes show that synthetic biology strategies, mainly CRISPR technology-based genome editing and metabolic engineering, can enhance the stress tolerance of crops by around 4070 percent. The engineered crops were shown to be resistant to drought, salines and temperature stress as well as give a better stability of yields generated at adverse conditions. With synthetic gene circuits, environment-responsive regulation was possible, further increasing the adaptability.

Conclusion: Synthetic biology is one such approach to working towards developing a climate-resilient crop. Further innovations in gene-editing and regulatory technologies are the key to sustainable agriculture and food supply, globally.