NOVEL INFORMATION ON NEUROPSYCHIATRIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS

Abstract

Introduction: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is classified as an immunological condition presenting a wide spectrum of symptoms and signs affecting several system and organs, such as kidneys, blood cells, skin, nervous system, joints, and different membranes Objectives: To search for novel information on autoantibodies and pathogenesis of SLE. Methods: A large search of the articles published in SCOPUS, and MEDLINE to identify manuscripts related to NPSLE. From 01st, January 1990 to 30th, January 2026, we comprehensively review the medical literature and selected the following issues: "systemic lupus erythematosus" OR " neurolupus" OR " neuropsychiatric SLE" OR " lupus cerebritis" OR " autoantibody", OR " CNS lupus" OR “neurological manifestations of SLE”. Results: After searching the medical literature, 297 articles were retrieved. We removed 189 duplicated titles and abstracts; 108 articles were selected. Based on applied inclusion/exclusion criteria 53 manuscripts were removed; therefore, 35 studies investigated the role of autoantibodies on the pathogenesis of NPSLE Conclusions: We hypothesised that those cerebellar features are a consequence of combined vascular dysfunction and autonomic damage of the cerebellar neurons locate at the cerebellar cortex mainly stellate, basket, candelabrum and Lugaro cells with an associated partial pyramidal tract lesion to explain the hypertonia. As far as we know, this is the first case presenting NPSLE characterized by an atypical global cerebellar syndrome reported in the Medical Literature. The most important elements involved in the pathogenesis of NPSLE are apoptotic debris, INF-alpha production, interleukin 21, B cell expression, CD40L, and helper T cell.