SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND EXTENSION DETERMINANTS OF INTEGRATED PEST AND DISEASE MANAGEMENT ADOPTION IN LABLAB (LABLAB PURPUREUS) AND RELATED GRAIN LEGUMES: A SYSTEMATIC SCOPING REVIEW

Abstract

Lablab (Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet) is a multipurpose legume whose productivity is limited by pod borers, aphids, storage bruchids and viral and fungal diseases. Integrated pest and disease management (IPDM) packages exist, but little is known about why smallholders do or do not adopt them. This review asks which socio-economic, extension and institutional factors shape IPDM adoption in lablab and analogous smallholder grain-legume systems. A systematic scoping review was conducted following PRISMA-ScR guidance. We de-duplicated and screened records from Google Scholar (semantic and full-text search) and PubMed (n = 400) against population concept–context criteria; we retained 12 studies from database searching and 8 from citation and targeted searching. We charted data on setting, crop, design, sample, analytical model, and reported determinants, and synthesised them narratively with an evidence matrix. Only three included studies concern lablab, and none estimates an adoption model; the evidence base is dominated by common bean and cowpea in East and West Africa, with two Indian studies. Across systems, extension contact, training frequency, access to crop information and membership of farmer groups were the most consistent positive correlates of adoption. Education and off farm income were generally positive; age was negative or inconsistent; land size was mixed. In Lablab, farmers rank economic returns as both the main motivation and the main constraint, with poor prices, weak market channels and lack of improved varieties prominent. Labour, cost and yield risk, insecticide promotion and subsidies, and weak seed systems constrain adoption, and gender shapes both preferences and access. IPDM adoption in lablab is best understood as an investment decision conditioned on market incentives and knowledge access rather than a purely technical choice. Priorities are household-level adoption studies in lablab (particularly in India, the crop's centre of diversity), measurement of adoption intensity and dis-adoption, and gender disaggregated analysis.