COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF ACORUS TATARINOWII RHIZOMA: MEDICINAL HISTORY, BOTANICAL SOURCES, GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION, EXTRACTION AND ISOLATION METHODS, AND ANTI-MICROBIAL ACTIVITY

Abstract

Objective: The dried rhizome of Acorus tatarinowii Schott., a perennial herb of the Acoraceae family, is known as Acorus tatarinowii Rhizoma (ATR), or Chinese Sweet Flag. The objective of this study is to determine the pharmacological potentiality, phytochemical constituents, and assessment of safety of ATR. It also aims for assessment of its conventional usage, therapeutical effectiveness and validation study for modernized therapeutical applications. Methods: A systematically review of traditional literature and modernized scientifical study was conducted. The analysis mainly highlighted the identification of bioactive phytochemical composition of ATR, which majorly includes presence of phenylpropanoid-groups, terpenoid-groups, lignan-groups, flavonoidal contents, alkaloidal contents and organic acids along with their therpaeutical importance and pharmacological activities. Results: Modern plant research has found more than 160 active ingredients, such as phenylpropanoids, terpenoids, lignans, flavonoids, alkaloids, and organic acids. These substances are responsible for helping with epilepsy, preventing seizures, fighting cell damage, calming the body, fighting cancer, and reducing swelling. Overall, Acorus tatarinowii is considered to be a healing plant which has been in use for a long time and even today, it interests the scientists and researchers. Conclusion: ATR has also been used in clinical settings to treat neurological, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and respiratory problems, including epilepsy, depression, anxiety, and related cognitive deficits. Despite of treating various health disorders, still there are possibilities of various types of side effects caused by some of the main parts of the plant. This suggests that the amount of the plant part used must be controlled closely as well as its safety and efficacy must also be carefully tested.