HISTOMORPHOLOGICAL DIVERSITY OF SKIN ADNEXAL TUMOURS: CLINICAL CORRELATION AND DIAGNOSTIC IMPLICATIONS

Abstract

Background: Skin Adnexal tumors (SATs) represent a diverse group of cutaneous lesions arising from hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands. While most are benign, malignant variants though rare, carry significant clinical implications. Understanding their epidemiological distribution by age, gender, site, and incidence is essential for accurate diagnosis and management. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 36 histopathologically confirmed Skin Adnexal Tumors was conducted over a period of 5 years (January 2021 to December 2025) at Department of Pathology, UPUMS Saifai. Data were stratified by tumor type, gender, age group, incidence, and anatomical site and cases were reclassified according to WHO 2023 (5th edition). The findings were compared with published literature to identify similarities and regional variations. Results: In this study male predominance was observed (male-to-female ratio 2:1), with the majority of cases occurring in young to middle-aged adults. Pilomatrixoma was the most frequent lesion, followed by hidradenoma papilliferum and trichoepithelioma, while sebaceous carcinoma represented the rare malignant counterpart. The scalp was the most common site of involvement followed by face. Conclusion: Skin Adnexal tumors represent rare neoplastic entities, most of which are benign. SATs present with varied morphology but predictable epidemiological trends. Greater awareness among clinicians, supported by histopathological confirmation, remains essential for optimal patient care.