SACCHARUM OFFICINARUM L.: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF PHYTOCHEMISTRY, EXTRACTION, ISOLATION, PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES, OMICS DATABASE AND NEUROPROTECTIVE POTENTIAL

Abstract

Saccharum officinarum L. (Sugarcane) is an important perennial grass that has been valued medicinally for a long time. In addition to its known industrial importance research has shown that it has a wide range of chemical components and health benefits. This review offers a look at the physical features of the plant how it has been used traditionally its chemical makeup, how to extract and isolate its components its health effects, its safety and the way it works at a molecular level. The plant has chemical substances such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, C glycosyl flavones, terpenoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, steroids, coumarins and quinones. Some important substances found in the plant include acid derivatives, vitexin orientin iso-orientin ferulic acid and other similar compounds. Many different methods have been used to get and purify the parts of the plant. These include maceration, ultrasonic-assisted extraction, solid-phase extraction, solvent fractionation, soxhlet extraction and gel-filtration chromatography. The health effects that this review covers show that the plant has antioxidant, anti inflammatory, kidney-protecting, urine-producing, anti-stone calming, and stimulating, brain-protecting, memory-enhancing, seizure-reducing and pain-relieving properties. Special attention has been given to the effects on the system and the possible role of flavonoids, phenolic acids and caffeoylquinic acid derivatives. This review also talks about the sugarcane genome and the latest progress in genome mapping, metabolomics, proteomics, RNA interference and genetic modification. These advances help us to understand the molecular mechanism behind the pharmacological effects shown by phytoconstituent of the plant.