SCREENING OF HORSE GRAM [MACROTYLOMA UNIFLORUM (LAM.) VERDC.] GENOTYPES FOR SEED YIELD AND QUALITY

Abstract

To assess genetic variability for seed yield and quality parameters, the present study was conducted on 95 horse gram genotypes. The experiment was aimed to evaluate the growth, seed yield, quality traits and disease resistance of horse gram genotypes. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among genotypes for most traits, excluding 100-seed weight. Genotype IC-277630 demonstrated the highest (85.27cm) plant height, while IC-139554 recorded the maximum number (6.82) of primary branches per plant. Genotypes IC-26138 showed the highest (12.62g) seed yields, with a high genetic coefficient of variation (GCV), phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV), and heritability for key traits. Disease screening identified genotypes immune or resistant to powdery mildew, leaf spot, and yellow vein mosaic disease. Growth habits varied, with 32 genotypes erect, 48 semi-erect, and 15 spreading. Seed quality assessments indicated variability in seed color, germination, vigour indices, and biochemical properties. Seed quality assessments showed IC-47461 with the highest seed germination (99.25%) and IC-55065 with the highest protein content (23.19%). Seedling vigour index-I and seedling vigour index-II was significantly higher in genotypes IC-15730 (3632) and IC-47461 (2829) respectively. Under controlled deterioration, genotypes IC-139333 and IC-47461 demonstrated higher seed vigour and reduced germination decline, indicating superior stress tolerance. Correlation analysis showed positive associations between seed germination and quality traits, with electrical conductivity negatively correlated with seed germination (r = -0.550). The study identified high-yielding, disease-resistant and quality-improving genotypes suitable for breeding programs aimed at enhancing horse gram productivity and adaptability.