ADVANCES IN TARGETED THERAPY FOR BREAST CANCER: CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE DIRECTION

Abstract

Breast cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer related morbidity and mortality in women worldwide. Recent advances in molecular biology have led to the development of targeted therapies the have improved outcomes in patients with breast cancer. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the molecular subtypes of breast cancer and the current status of targeted therapies, including HER2 – targeted treatments, hormone receptor antagonists, CDK4/6 inhibitors, and PI3K/AKT/m TOR pathway inhibitors. The article also discusses emerging therapeutic approaches such as antibody – drug conjugates, immunotherapy, and medicine. Furthermore, it outlines challenges such as drug resistance, accessibility issues, and the need for predictive biomarkers.  Finally, this review examines future directions in targeted therapies for breast cancer, including the role of personalized medicine, combination therapies, and innovative drug delivery systems.