VALORIZATION OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM AONLA PROCESSING RESIDUES FOR PHARMACEUTICAL APPLICATIONS

Abstract

Aonla (Phyllanthus emblica L.) processing generates substantial residues particularly pomace, seeds and seed coats, which are often underutilized despite their rich bioactive composition. These residues contain phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, fatty acids and dietary fibre associated with antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and other pharmacological properties. This review summarizes the generation, phytochemical composition, extraction, characterization and pharmaceutical potential of bioactive compounds from aonla processing residues. Recent studies demonstrate considerable antioxidant activity and the presence of valuable phenolic and flavonoid compounds in pomace, seeds and seed coats, while advanced extraction, purification and delivery approaches enhance their utilization potential. Emerging pharmaceutical applications include liposomal systems, herbal formulations and nanocomposite-based delivery systems. The valorization of these residues also supports waste reduction, resource efficiency and circular economy development. However, variability in residue composition, limited in-vivo and clinical evidence, safety concerns, bioavailability, scalability and lack of standardized processes remain key challenges. Future research should focus on standardized extraction, detailed phytochemical characterization, safety and bioavailability evaluation, pharmacokinetic studies, clinical validation and techno economic assessment to enable the sustainable conversion of aonla processing residues into high-value pharmaceutical and nutraceutical products.