ASSESSMENT OF THE FREQUENCY AND PATTERN OF DYSLIPIDEMIA IN PATIENTS WITH EARLY-STAGE CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE

Abstract

Objective: To determine the frequency and pattern of dyslipidemia in patients with early-stage chronic kidney disease. Study Design, Place and Duration: Descriptive cross-sectional study; Medicine Outpatient Department, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan; December 2025 to May 2026. Materials and Methods: The supplied dataset comprised 248 adults aged 18–70 years with CKD stages G1–G3a. Fasting total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C and HDL-C were assessed using the prespecified thresholds. Dyslipidemia was defined by at least one abnormal lipid component. Frequencies, Wilson 95% confidence intervals, chi-square tests, Kruskal–Wallis tests and multivariable logistic regression were calculated. The regression included age, sex, BMI, diabetes, hypertension, current smoking and CKD stage. Results: Dyslipidemia was identified in 157/248 patients (63.3%; 95% CI 57.1–69.1%). Hypertriglyceridemia was present in 104 (41.9%) and low HDL-C in 95 (38.3%); mixed dyslipidemia occurred in 61 (24.6%). Prevalence increased from 31/60 (51.7%) in G1 to 74/118 (62.7%) in G2 and 52/70 (74.3%) in G3a (χ²=7.15; p=0.028). Relative to G1, adjusted odds were higher in G2 (aOR 2.14, 95% CI 1.06–4.29) and G3a (aOR 4.44, 95% CI 1.87 10.52). Diabetes (aOR 1.98; p=0.021) and hypertension (aOR 2.03; p=0.013) were also associated with dyslipidemia. Conclusion: Dyslipidemia was common in early-stage CKD and more frequent at lower eGFR stages. Elevated triglycerides and low HDL-C were the most frequent lipid abnormalities. Diabetes and hypertension were associated with dyslipidemia after adjustment for the measured clinical factors.