BRIDGING AYURVEDA, YOGA, AND MODERN ENDOCRINOLOGY IN PCOS: EXPLORING HORMONAL, METABOLIC, AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS

Abstract

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous endocrine-metabolic disorder characterized by hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, insulin resistance, and metabolic abnormalities, with genetic, epigenetic, inflammatory, and environmental factors contributing to its pathogenesis. Increasing recognition of its multidimensional nature has encouraged interest in integrative approaches that complement contemporary endocrine management. This narrative review examines the interface between Ayurveda, Yoga, and modern endocrinology, emphasizing hormonal, metabolic, genetic, epigenetic, and molecular mechanisms relevant to PCOS. Current evidence indicates that genetic susceptibility, non-coding RNA regulation, impaired insulin signaling, oxidative stress, and ovarian cellular dysfunction form interconnected components of PCOS pathophysiology. Ayurvedic botanical interventions may influence metabolic, androgenic, inflammatory, and oxidative pathways, whereas Yoga may contribute through neuroendocrine regulation, metabolic improvement, stress modulation, and oxidative balance. However, mechanistic evidence remains heterogeneous, and traditional concepts should not be directly equated with specific molecular pathways without experimental validation. Integrating standardized interventions with molecular profiling, rigorous clinical evaluation, and personalized approaches may strengthen the translational relevance of Ayurveda and Yoga. Future interdisciplinary research incorporating genetics, multi-omics, and validated endocrine-metabolic outcomes could clarify their role within evidence-based, individualized PCOS management.