STUDY ON THE ASSOCIATION OF SERUM CALCIUM LEVELS IN PATIENTS WITH COPD AND BRONCHIAL ASTHMA IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN NORTHERN INDIA

Abstract

Introduction: Hypocalcemia is a recognized, but underreported, contributor to bronchospasm.In patients with COPD and asthma, it may mimic or exacerbate acute respiratory symptoms, especially during steroid therapy. Aim: To evaluate serum calcium levels during exacerbation and stability in COPD and asthma patients and assess their association with pulmonary function and clinical outcomes. Materials and Methods:  A prospective cohort study was conducted on 378 patients admitted with acute exacerbations of COPD or asthma. Serum calcium levels were measured at admission and during clinical stability.Spirometry, ABG, comorbidity profiles, and medical history were recorded.Statistical analyses included t-tests, correlation, logistic regression, and survival analysis. Results: Hypocalcemia (<8.5 mg/dL) was observed in 32.1% of patients during exacerbations.The mean calcium level increased significantly during the stability phase (p < 0.0001).Hypocalcemia was associated with lower FEV1%, higher PaCO₂, and greater prevalence in patients on steroids or with kidney disease. Regression analysis confirmed that steroid use and renal comorbidity were independent predictors. Conclusion: Routine monitoring and correction of calcium may improve outcomes and reduce misdiagnosis of exacerbations.