GC-MS AND FTIR PROFILING OF SOLANUM NIGRUM MOTHER TINCTURE: QUALITY CHARACTERIZATION AND MECHANISTIC PLAUSIBILITY MAPPING TO CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS PATHOBIOLOGY

Abstract

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogeneous, long-standing inflammatory disease in which epithelial barrier dysfunction, immune dysregulation, oxidative stress, and microbial persistence interact to sustain mucosal pathology. To enable disciplined mechanistic discussion of complex botanical preparations in CRS, transparent chemical standardization is essential. This study profiled Solanum nigrum homoeopathic mother tincture (Q) using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), followed by evidence-mapped mechanistic plausibility appraisal anchored to CRS guideline domains. GC-MS was performed on an Agilent GC 8890/MS 5977C (DB-5MS column) with NIST20 library matching, and FTIR spectra were acquired on a Thermo Nicolet iS5 (KBr pellet; 550-4000 cm⁻¹). The GC-MS profile was dominated by Olean-12-en-3-ol, acetate (3β) (RT 24.1868; Area%-T 23.98) and sugar-related constituents including ethyl α-D-glucopyranoside (RT 14.9447/15.0321; Area%-T 16.51/12.45) and α-L-rhamnopyranose (RT 14.8573; Area%-T 4.11), with a triterpenoid hydrocarbon annotation (24-noroleana-3,12-diene; Area%-T 10.75). FTIR bands at 3332 and 1084-1045 cm⁻¹ supported hydroxyl-rich, C-O-dominated chemistry, while 2978 cm⁻¹ indicated aliphatic chains. Likely siloxane/plasticizer artifacts were flagged and excluded from CRS mapping. The integrated fingerprint provides a quality baseline for batch comparison and motivates targeted antibiofilm and anti-inflammatory validation in CRS models in clinically relevant settings.