ADVANTAGES OF STRAW MULCHING IN FRUIT CULTIVATION: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

Abstract

Straw mulching has emerged as a sustainable cultivation practice with multifaceted benefits for fruit cultivation systems worldwide. This comprehensive review synthesizes empirical evidence, theoretical frameworks, and practical insights to elucidate the advantages of straw mulching in fruit cultivation. Soil conservation and erosion control are primary benefits of straw mulching, mitigating soil erosion, promoting soil aggregation, and enhancing water infiltration rates. Weed management is facilitated by straw mulching, suppressing weed growth. Additionally, straw mulching contributes to soil moisture conservation, drought resilience, and water use efficiency in fruit orchards. Soil fertility and nutrient management are enhanced through the decomposition of straw mulch, enriching soil organic matter. Pest and disease management benefits from straw mulching include habitat provision for natural enemies, and creation of a less favorable microclimate for disease development. Biodiversity conservation and ecosystem services are promoted by straw mulching, supporting diverse flora and fauna. While the efficacy of straw mulching depends on various factors, including mulch thickness, application timing, and management practices, its potential for enhancing fruit yield, quality, and sustainability is evident across diverse agro ecological contexts. Further research is warranted to optimize straw mulching techniques such as mulch type, their thickness, mulch temperature, mulch effect on climate change and time of application, quantify its long-term effects on soil health and ecosystem services, and assess its economic viability and scalability in fruit cultivation systems. Overall, straw mulching represents a promising strategy for promoting sustainable fruit cultivation practices that prioritize environmental stewardship, social equity, and economic viability in a changing world.