ANTISENSE RNA TECHNOLOGY IN FOOD BASED APPLICATIONS

Abstract

Antisense RNA technology is an important molecular approach for regulating gene expression through targeted inhibition of specific genes. The technology is based on the complementary base pairing of antisense nucleic acid sequences with target messenger RNA (mRNA), thereby reducing or preventing the production of specific proteins. Gene silencing and antisense technology have significant applications in plant biology, food crops and therapeutic research. In plants, antisense technology has been used to suppress genes associated with fruit ripening, softening, pigmentation and enzymatic discoloration. A notable application is the Flavr Savr tomato, in which suppression of the polygalacturonase gene reduced pectin degradation and delayed fruit softening, thereby improving post-harvest characteristics. Antisense approaches have also been investigated for suppressing disease-associated proteins, viral infections and oncogene products, demonstrating their potential in therapeutic applications. The review highlights the principle and mechanism of antisense technology, its role in gene silencing, major applications in food-based systems, and its therapeutic significance. Although antisense technology provides a targeted approach for modifying gene expression, challenges related to specificity, delivery, off-target effects and the complex regulation of agricultural traits remain. Overall, antisense RNA technology represents a valuable molecular tool for improving crop quality, extending shelf life and developing targeted strategies for regulating gene expression.