DEVELOPMENT OF A SELF-REGULATION MODEL BASED ON FAMILY CENTERED NURSING WITH AN EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING APPROACH ON QUALITY OF LIFE IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains a major global non-communicable disease associated with persistent glycemic dysregulation, complications, and reduced quality of life. Existing diabetes education programs often emphasize knowledge transfer but provide limited integration of family involvement, emotional responses, and experiential learning in sustaining self-regulation. This study aimed to develop and validate a self-regulation model based on Family-Centered Nursing (FCN) and Experiential Learning (EL) for patients with T2DM. A three-phase explanatory research design was employed. Phase 1 involved a cross-sectional study of 155 patients analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) to identify determinants of self-regulation and quality of life. Phase 2 focused on module development through focus group discussions, expert consultation, and content validity assessment. The structural model demonstrated strong explanatory power for self regulation (R² = 0.867) and quality of life (R² = 0.807). Patient factors, family factors, family support, and health service quality significantly influenced self-regulation and quality of life. A sequential pathway was also identified in which patient factors influenced disease representation, which subsequently affected emotional responses, self-regulation, and quality of life. Family support showed the strongest direct effect on quality of life, while patient factors were the strongest predictor of self regulation. The developed FCN-EL module achieved an overall Content Validity Index of 1.00. These findings establish an integrated FCN-EL self-regulation model that links individual, family, emotional, and health service factors within a unified framework for T2DM management.