DEVELOPMENT OF NOVEL LIPID-BASED NANO CARRIERS OF POLYHERBAL BLEND FOR ANTI-DIABETIC ACTIVITY

Abstract

Polyherbal formulations offer synergistic therapeutic benefits. This study evaluated the authentication, extraction, phytochemical profile, and nanoemulsion formulation of four traditional Indian medicinal plants (Momordica charantia, Gymnema sylvestre, Coccinia grandis, and Aegle marmelos) to enhance antidiabetic efficacy. Plant materials were extracted using 70% ethanol via Soxhlet extraction. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, steroids, carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, with heavy metals and pesticide residues absent. In vitro assays demonstrated dose-dependent enzyme inhibition (alpha-amylase and alpha glucosidase) and substantial antioxidant potential (DPPH and ABTS). The combined polyherbal extract demonstrated superior synergistic antioxidant potential (55% DPPH and 65% ABTS inhibition at 1.0 mg/mL). In vivo evaluation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats treated over 28 days showed significant blood glucose reduction at 200mg/kg 198.65 mg/dL and 400 mg/kg 174.68 mg/dL compared to baseline hyperglycemia >260 mg/dL, alongside improved lipid profiles. To optimize delivery, solid lipid nanoparticles and polyherbal nanoemulsions (F1–F9) were engineered via hot homogenization and probe ultrasonication using glyceryl monostearate, stearic acid, Tween 80, and lecithin. DSC, FTIR, and PXRD confirmed extract-excipient compatibility. The optimized nanoemulsion system displayed uniform nanoscale droplet size, high Zeta potential stability, and controlled release. These findings demonstrate that bridging traditional polyherbal extracts with nanoemulsion technology provides a safe, highly stable, and effective strategy for diabetes management.