Problems And Prospects Of Prevention Of Cardiovascular Diseases: International Experience

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the leading cause of death in the world, accounting for a significant proportion of premature deaths and disability, despite advances in diagnosis and treatment. According to the Global Burden of Disease 2024 study, coronary heart disease and stroke consistently occupy the first positions among the causes of death, and the combined burden of CVD continues to grow, especially in low- and middle-income countries. At the same time, significant international experience in prevention has been accumulated, including population-based measures to reduce the prevalence of risk factors, clinical recommendations for primary and secondary prevention, as well as intersectoral strategies in the framework of health policy.

     The purpose of the article is to analyze the key problems and prospects of CVD prevention in the context of international experience, with an emphasis on the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO), the European Society of Cardiology (ESC), the World Heart Federation (WHF) and the results of modern epidemiological studies. The method of analytical review of scientific literature, international guidelines and public health programs is used in the work. It has been shown that up to 80% of cases of cardiovascular events are potentially preventable if the main behavioral and metabolic risk factors are corrected, including smoking, poor nutrition, low physical activity, hypertension and dyslipidemia.

      Special attention is paid to comparing population-based and individually oriented prevention strategies, assessing barriers to implementation (socio-economic inequalities, limited primary care resources, low patient commitment) and prospects for further development, including the use of digital technologies, salt reduction programs, increased coverage of cardiac rehabilitation and gender-based approaches. It is concluded that it is necessary to combine clinical and policy-management measures, taking into account the national context, while relying on the evidence base formed by international organizations.