PHYTOPHAGOUS MITES OF MULBERRY: AN INVISIBLE THREAT TO SERICULTURE

Abstract

Sericulture, the principal source of silk, requires high-quality Morus spp. (Rosales: Moraceae), leaves for healthy silkworm growth, high cocoon yield, and better silk quality, while contributing to nutritional needs, medical applications, livestock fodder, and environmental sustainability. Although its growth, quality and productivity are severely hindered by many biotic and abiotic factors, insect (defoliators, sap sucking, stem borers and soil pests) and non-insect (phytophagous mite) pests, majorly affect the growth of silkworm, reducing larval and cocoon weight, inferior filament length, and compromised reeling performance, causing economic losses. Among these pests, phytophagous mites cause serious damage that goes unnoticed until severe injury occurs. The mites belonging to Tetranychids, Tarsonemids, and Eriophyids are the most important ones causing damage, where moderate infestations slow down silkworm growth and associated parameters. Additionally, recent advances in molecular tools, including DNA barcoding and genomic approaches, are discussed for their role in accurate species identification and development of resistant mulberry genotypes. However, a better understanding of mite biology and mulberry-mite-silkworm interactions has led to safer management practices, such as cultural, botanical, biological control and selective acaricides. Adoption of integrated and silkworm-safe mite management strategies is essential to protect mulberry leaf quality and ensure sustainable silk production.