DIAGNOSTIC UTILITY OF SERUM LIPID PROFILE AND URINARY MICROALBUMIN FOR ASSESSING CARDIO METABOLIC RISK AND EARLY DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease interpretive by steady hyperglycemia resulting from impaired insulin secretion, insulin resistance, or both. Dyslipidemia is a common metabolic abnormality associated with T2DM and significantly subsides the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, leading to the cause of morbidity and mortality among diabetic patients. Evaluation of serum lipid profile and urine microalbumin provides useful information regarding early detection of cardio metabolic risk and diabetic nephropathy. The present study aimed to evaluate serum lipid profile and urine microalbumin as biomarkers in patients with Type 2 Diabetes mellitus by comparing lipid and micro albumin parameters between diabetic patients and healthy controls for the early assessment of cardio metabolic risks and diabetic nephropathy. A total of 600 participants were subjected into two categories Diabetes patients (n=300) and controls (n=300) and gender wise into three categories based on age. Overnight Fasting venous blood samples were collected for characterization of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) and also urine albumin were estimated by Cholesterol Oxidase–Peroxidase (CHOD–POD) method and microalbumin by Immuno Turbidimetic method using Erba Chem7 Semi auto analyzer. Statistical analysis was performed using Mann–Whitney U test and micro albumin prevalence was assessed by using chi-square test. This study demonstrates the significant changes in serum lipid profile cases with Type 2 Diabetes mellitus compared with controls. Elevated TC, TG, LDL-C, and VLDL C, together with reduced HDL-C and urine albumin serve as valuable biomarkers for the early assessment and clinical management of metabolic dysfunction, cardiovascular and renal risk in T2DM.